Maps of Power

Adžievski 1994

Properties

ID	118027
System Class	Bibliography
Bibliography	Book
Case Study	Byzantino-Serbian Border Zones in Transition (1282–1355) , Historical Region of Macedonia TIB 16 , The Process of Byzantinization in the Central Balkans (Late 10th – Mid-13th Century)

Description

Kosta Adžievski, Pelagonija vo sredniot vek (Od doaǵanjeto na Slovenite do naǵanjeto pod turska vlast) (Skopje 1994).

Relations

Actors (70)

Name	Class	Description
(Murtinь) Leon	Person	Mentioned in the second and third charter (1343/1345) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. He sold together with his brother a 100 kьbьl large field near Dupijačanje to the Treskavec Monastery (Niva kьblomь r. kupena ōtь Murtiněhь sinovь ōtь Lea i ōtь ........; megja ōtь kumanskoga puti do dolnega druma). He and his relatives apparently sold a half of watermill near Bělevo to the Treskavec Monastery (i druga voděnica kupena ōdь Murtiněhь polovinu). The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan confirmed the transactions in the second and third charter for the Treskavec Monastery.
(Čihorić [Drugović]) Dabiživь	Person	He was a member of the noble family of Čihorić in Trebinje. He had three brothers (župan Vratko, župan Nenac and tepčija Stepko). He served as a sluga for the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan 1334–1345. He was the Cupbearer (enohijarь) of the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš V in 1362. Dabiseus Drugouich bought in 1334 at Brskovo a horse from the inhabitant of Ragusa Miloš Hlapović for 30 perper. He came in 1343 to the župa Žrnovnica with Marcus Maurocenus in order to see the property of Sorento from Ragusa, which was near the boundary between the realm of the Serbian Kingdom and the Republic of Ragusa (ad uidendum confines Rusci de Sorento cum Dabiseo sluga). His name appears from 1343 to 1345 in the Liber omnium reformationum. According to it did the people of him cause frequently harm to the Ragusians in the župa Žrnovnica. The emissaries of the Republic of Ragusa complained before the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan in October 1345 that Dabiživь established a fair in Trebinje and imposed a tax for the goods exported and imported by the Ragusans. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan accepted the complaints of the Ragusans and forbade Dabiživь to collect any taxes from the Ragusans (Piše kraljevstvo mi da jestь bědomo vsakomu, kako pridōše poklisarie, vlasteli dubrovьčьci, kraljevstvu mi pod Serь – Piro Grubešikь Marьtolь Črěvikь i Paske Gučetikь – i govoriše kraljevstvu mi na slugu Dabiživa, kako e učinilь trьgь na Trěbini i uzima ōd tovara dinarь kto grede i u Dubrovьnikь izь Dubrovnika, i ōd dobitka koi grede u Dubrov’nikь. i govorěe Dabiživь prědь kraljevstvomь mi: „uzimano e i prěžde, ōnazi carina ōnьdězii.“ A govorěke poklisarie dubrovьč’ci: „Tazi carina ne uzimana ōd veka, ōdkole světь stalь.“ I kraljevstvo mi iz’nage erě ne uzimana tazi carina i u moihь dědь i pradědь i u rodietelja kraljevstva mi i u kraljevstva mi. I sьtvori milostь kraljevstvo mi vsemь vlastelomь dubrovьč’cimь, vělimь i malimь, da ne ōnogazi trьga na Trěbini, kagō ga i prěžde ne bilo. I po sema sega da ne uzima Dabiživь Dubrovьčanomь ni carine da ni koega dohodьka, ni trьgov’cu dubrovьč’komu, ni vlahu, ni srьbinu, da nikōmu i k’to grede Dubrovьnikь, izь Dubrovьnika. I vsaci vlasteli koi te stagati po Dabiživě da ne uzima carine tezi do veka věk, ni u syna kraljevstva mi da ni u koga nastoeštago kralja u Srьblihь). In October 1349 he received together 10 perper from the Ragusans (In minori consilio, sono campane solito congregatio, captum fuit et firmatum de donando de havere communis Dabisco yppos X). He was probably buried in the Monastery Church of the Holy Mother of God at Treskavec near Prilep. His tombstone with an inscription has been preserved on the northern wall of the monastery church (měseca genara: uspe rabь božiei dabiživь: enohijarь: cara uroša: vьse srьbьskyi zemьle: grьčьskje: i pomorьskje vь leto: ѕ: ō: o: enьdikta).
Amartolь	Person	Mentioned in the second and third charter (1343/1345) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan donated a fishing ground at the Great Prespa Lake, near Nivica and a fishing spot in Nakolьcь with a river, field, garden and fruit trees, to the Monastery of Treskavec. He endowed it with fishermen. One of them was Amartolь.
Andrěašь	Person	He died between 1394 and 1399. He was killed in the battle of Rovine on 17th May 1395 according to the Dečanski letopis (Va lěto 6902 razbi mirčje voevoda vlaški pajazita na rovinahь i tu pogibie marko kraljevičь i kōnstantïnь, i andrea, i koimenь, oktōbrïa 10 gь). One of the first preserved epic poems about the brothers Marko and Andrijaš from 1556 relates about the murder of Andrěašь by his brother Markos. He appears as kralevikь in the inscription on the edge of the vault of the Saint Andreas Church by the river Treska. He was the son of the Serbian King Demetrios Blukasinos and Lena. His siblings were Markos, Dmitьrь, Ivanišь and Olivera. He is attested along with his mother Lena and his brother Marko in the charter of the Serbian King Demetrios Blukasinos for the Ragusan Republic, which was issued on 5th April 1370 (i po vʼse dni veselešti mi se vь zemʼli kraljevstva mi sь prěvьzljubljenʼnomь kraljestva mi kralicomь kyra Lěnom i sь prěvьzʼljubʼljenʼnimi synovi kraljevstva mi Markomь i Anьdrějašemь). After the death of his father in 1371 he remained at the court of his mother Lena. He minted his own coins with the legend blagověrni andreaš. Grubadin, the kefalija of Porěčie district, send him a message about the disobedience of his garrison force (Gospodinu mi Andrejašu ōd Grubadina tvoegō kefalije...tuži mi se ōt [tvoih?] junakь neposluha). Andrěašь appears in the ktitorial inscription above the south door in the interior of the Church of the so-called Marko’ Monastery (Saint Demetrius Monastery in Sušice near Skopje), which was completed in 1376/1377 (Izvōlenïemь ōtca i voplьšenïem sina i sьšestviemь svetago duha ōbnovi se i popisa si svety i božestavni hramь svetago velikōmučenika Hristova pobědōnosca i myrotočьca Dimitrija sь usrьdïemь i potštanïemь blagověrnago kralja Vlkašina sь blagověrniei kralice Eleny i sь prěvazljublenym eju i prьvorodnimь sinomь blagověrnimь kraljemь Markomь i Andreašemь i Ivanïšemь i Dimïtrom vь lěto ·ѕ·ō·p·e· si že monastirь nače se zdati lěto ·ѕ·ō·n·g· vь dni blagověrnago cara Stefana i hristoljubivago kralja Vlьkašina a sьvrši se vь dьni blagověrnago i hristoljubivago kralja Marka). He together with his mother Lena was the ktitor of the Saint Andreas Monastery by the river Treska. In 1388/1389 he endowed the monastery with villages near the field and beyond the hill: The ktitorial inscription above the entrance on the western wall of the naos gives account about the villages Bukurci and Poviьlno, which were exchanged for the villages Momkovo and Ivanje from the endowment of the Saint Demetrius Monastery near the village Sušica (the so-called Marko’s Monastery) (trudomь i podvigom hristoljubivago raba božija andrěaša sina ftorago blagověrnago kralě Vlьkašina i kralice Eleni monahini Elisaveti i eliko vьzmožno bistь dahomь i priložihomь svetěi crьkьvi sela u poli i u zabrьdi sь metohomь i pravinami jaže pisana sutь izvěstně o vsemь jaže o nihь v vrevi vь hrisovulě. I si dvě selě tamo Bukurci i Povilьno vь zaměnenie crьkьvi sušičkoi z govoromь i dahomь za Momkovo i za Ivane poneže tako priležno bistь ōboimь crьkьvamь imeti tako sija sela bezьsьmušena vь utvrьždenie lěto ·ѕ·ō·č·z· indiktiōn). The list of villages granted to the Saint Andreas Monastery by the river Treska by Andrěašь appears in another inscription on the edge of the vault of the Saint Andreas Church by the river Treska (trudomь i podvigomь raba božia kralevikь andreaša se že priloženie svetě crьkьvi hrisovulě sьvoiomь.....selo Šišoevci i metohь jego sь obě straně rěke i orašie i lovišta. Selo Dučinci s metohomь starimь i lovišta i Kačěpuri s metohomь. Selo Ivane i Lozno s metohomь. Selo Dlьbočica i Uzdolie s metochomь. Selo Lukovica i Krušica s metohomь....Zaselie sa vьsěmi pravinami selь tehь lovišta i planine). He together with his brother Markos marched with the troops of the Ottoman Sultan Murad I against the army of the Serbian Prince Lazaros (Lazar Hrebeljanović) and Bulkos (Vuk Branković) according to the Tronoški rodoslov from the 18th century (Amuratь že ōbrativь voinstvō skoe na deržavu lazarevu, predvodimь markomь i andreemь). He probably left Macedonia with his brother Dmitьrь following the meeting at Serres in winter 1393/1394, because they refused to serve the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I. He and his brother Dmitьrь came in summer 1394 to Dubrovnik. They received on 10th August 1394 374 perper and 6 grossi from the treasury of their father, which was deposited at the place of the nobleman Pavle Barabić (Paulus de Baraba). The last part of the treasury was reserved for their brother King Markos (denarii quondam regis Volchassini....due partes Andree et Dymitrio, filiis et heredibus condam regis Volcasini, mandato prescripti domini rectoris perperos trecentos septuaginta quatuor et grossos sex, tertia parte dictorum yperperorum reservata pro Marcho rege). Dmitьrь and Andreas were pleasently surprised by the large amount of money, that was paid to them by the Ragusan republic. They migrated afterwards in Hungary according to a later charter of the Ragusan republic to the duke Sandal Hranjić from 1423, where they found their livelihood (trovaron pane).
Arьgiropulь Lej	Person	Mentioned in the first (1334/1336), second and third charter (1343/1345) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. The sources denote him as a kirь. He sold his manor in Krivogaštani to the Treskavec Monastery. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan confirmed the transaction in the first, second and third charter for the Treskavec Monastery (Stasь vь Krivogaštenehь, kupenica ōdь kirь Leja Arьgїropula).
Barь	Person	Mentioned in the first (1334/1336), second and third charter (1343/1345) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. His church is attested in the boundary description of the metochion, which belonged to the Church of Saint Theodoros in Prilep (Metohь u Prilěpě Sveti Theodori sь ljudьmi i sь vinogradi i sь nivijemь zadušnimь, i kupenicami, i vinogradь što je dalь Berivoi vь Husarevьcihь za dva kьbla. Ima si ōttesь tьzi metohь: ōdь Barovu crьkvu ta na Svetu Petku, ta na Svetago Geōrgia, ta na nakovalьnu, ta po hridu, i ōpiratь se u Trěskavьcь, kako pohodi putь isь Trěskavьca u tu že crьkvь Barovu). He owned a property near the 36 kьbьl large field in Vinci, which was given by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan to the Treskavec Monastery (Niva Kurteseva u Vinьcehь kьblomь lst., blizь popa Mavrike i Bara i Stefa). His possesion is mentioned in the delimitation of a 45 kьbьl large field. This land was bestowed to the Treskavec Monastery by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan (Niva kьblomь me. tužde plisiasь Grьlia i Stari Kladenьcь Dragovь i do Baru i do putě krivogaškego i do Starego Potoka do megju Bělkovu).
Berivoi	Person	Mentioned in the first (1334/1336), second and third charter (1343/1345) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. He donated a vineyard in the district Husarevcь of the town Prilep to the Treskavec Monastery for the right to have a grave (i vinogradь što je dalь Berivoi vь Husarevьcihь za dva kьbla/I u gradu vinogradь Berivoevь Husarevcь za grobь). He gave two watermills in Ōbrьšani to the Treskavec Monastery for the sake of his salvation (Vь Ōbrьšanehь .v. voděnici, što je dalь Berivoi za duštu).
Blukasinos Demetrios	Person	The name Demetrios is attested in the memorial book (pomenik), which has been preserved at Protaton in Karyes on Mount Athos (Protaton 340 [113], 1v: Ἔτι δεόμεθα ὑπὲρ μακαρίας μνήμης καὶ ἀφέσεως τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν τῶν ἀειμνήστων δούλων τοῦ Θεοῦ Δημητρίου κράλη καὶ Ἰωάννου δεσπότου καὶ τῶν σὺν αὐτοῖς ἀναιρεθέντων ὀρθοδόξων χριστιανῶν). He died on 29th June 1371 during the battle against the Ottomans at Černomen/Marica. He held the dignity of Despot from January 1364 to September 1365 according to G. Ostrogorsky (Sь že Vlьkašin spodobi se ōt njego čьsti despotatskago sana, potom že i věnčavajetь jego). He worked as a royal wine-pourer (οἰνοχόος) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan. He held the position of Župan in Prilep, 1350/1351 (pri županě Vlьkašinu...vь dьnь blagověrnago cara našego Stefana i syna mu Uroša i carice Elene...kьga se ōtvrže Berь). He witnessed the apparently falsified charter issued by the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš V in 1355 for the inhabitants of the town of Kotor as he held the position of čelnik (e zeonich Vucasin). In January 1366 ugodni vlastelin Novakь Mrasorovikь addressed the request to the Serbian Despot Ioan Uglješa (Ioannes Unklesis) and also the Serbian King Demetrios Blukasinos to approve his donation of the village Koprivljane to the Monastery Hagios Panteleemon on the Holy Mount Athos. Both of them confirmed the endowment of Novakь Mrasorovikь to the Monastery Hagios Panteleemon on the Holy Mount Athos in a separate chrysobull charter (kralь Vlьkašinь blagōvěrni Srьblemь i Grьkomь). In November 1366 he is mentioned as king in the archives of the Ragusan republic. He is attested in the Ragusan archives with name and the title of king for the first time in April 1367 (domino regi Rassie Volchassino). He was probably a co-ruler of the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš V. between 1365 and 1368/1369. This is proven by the fact that his portrait is next to Stefan Uroš V. on the northern wall of the narthex in the Church of Saint Nicholas in Psača, they appear together on coins and they both accept embassies from the Ragusan republic. The situation changed in 1368/1369. The ktitorial inscription of Nobakos, apparently identical with Novakь Mrasorovikь, in the Virgin Maryʼs Church in Mali Grad mentions that the decoration of the church was painted during the reign of the highest king Demetrios Blukasinos (Άνηγέρθη ἐκ βάθρου καὶ κόπού καὶ μόχθοῦ ὁ θεϊος κὲ πάνσεπτος ναώς ουτος της υπεραγίας δεσπίνης ἡμων Θεοτόκου καὶ ἀνηστορίθην παρὰ του αὐφθέντου αὐτοῦ πὰνευτυχεστάτου κέσαρος Νοβάκου ἠγουμενέβῶντὸς δὲ Ἰωνὰ μοναχοῦ. Αὐφθεντεύβοντος πανυψηλοτάτου κραλήου τοῦ Βεληκασίνου. Άρχαηερατεύωντος δὲ τῆς ἀγιωτάτης ἀρχιεπησκοπῆς τῆς Πρότης Ἰουστινηανης, ετους ͵ςωοζʹ). It seems, that Demetrios Blukasinos took all the power immediately after the victory over the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš V and his coalition at the Kosovo field in 1369. The proof that he ruled without Stefan Uroš V is the charter for the Ragusan republic issued on 5th April 1370, which he signed alone by himself (gospodina zem’li srьbьskoi i Grьkōmь i zapad’nimь stranamь...vь Hrista Bōga blagověrni i hristōljubïvi Vlьkašinь kralь). The Koporinjski and Pećki letopis (chronicle) recorded that the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš V. was expelled by Demetrios Blukasinos and his brother Ioannes Unklesis before the battle near the river Marica. A fragment of choros from 1365–1371 originally placed in the Saint Demetrius Monastery near the village Sušica (the so-called Marko’s Monastery), now in collection of the museums in Skopje, Sofia, Istanbul a Belgrade, with installed medallions bearing the name Vlьkašinь and the title of a king, confirm the suggestion, that he governed as a sole ruler. The priestmonk Mihailo wrote the Apostol manuscript from 1365–1371 at Lešnica in the region of Polog for the priest Miho in Debreše during the reign of the King Demetrios Blukasinos (Pisase sija kniga mnogogrěšnogo rukoju ieromonaha Mihaila popu Mihě iz Debreše Nikolinu synu…Azь ōbrěmeneni i ōkajanьni pisahь vь dьni Vlьkašina kralja, kьdi drьžaše Grьgurь Pologь, a pisavši beše iz Lešnice, nierei mnih’). His father was Margnaua (Orbini)/ Margna (Luccari), who was a poor nobleman from Livno in Hum. His brother was Ioannes Unklesis (Ioan Uglješa) and his sister Helene. The husband of his sister was Nikolaos Radochnas (Νικόλαος ῾Ραδόχνας, Nikola Radonja). He was married to Lena. They had together four sons (Marko, the King, Andrěašь, Dmitьrь, Ivanišь) and one daughter (Olivera). The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan took his father and the family of Mrnjavcević to the Serbian court. The domains of Demetrios Blukasinos were in the southern Serbia, Kosovo and in the northwestern parts of historical Macedonia with strongholds in Prilep and Skopje. Since 1345/1346/1347 the Saint Demetrius Monastery near the village Sušica (the so-called Marko’s Monastery) was built under the patronage of Demetrios Blukasinos and his sons (Izvōlenïemь ōtca i voplьšenïem sina i sьšestviemь svetago duha ōbnovi se i popisa si svety i božestavni hramь svetago velikōmučenika Hristova pobědōnosca i myrotočьca Dimitrija sь usrьdïemь i potštanïemь blagověrnago kralja Vlkašina sь blagověrniei kralice Eleny i sь prěvazljublenym eju i prьvorodnimь sinomь blagověrnimь kraljemь Markomь i Andreašemь i Ivanïšemь i Dimïtrom vь lěto ·ѕ·ō·p·e· si že monastirь nače se zdati lěto ·ѕ·ō·n·g· vь dni blagověrnago cara Stefana i hristoljubivago kralja Vlьkašina a sьvrši se vь dьni blagověrnago i hristoljubivago kralja Marka). His fresco portrait is above the south gate of the monastery and flanks with the portrait of his son Marko the bust of Saint Demetrius. The Historia della casa Musachia records, that Andrea II Musachi defeated the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan or Demetrios Blukasinos at the Pelister Mountain. After 1361 Demetrios Blukasinos was very influential on the Serbian court, because the Ragusans often wrote letters to him. He deposited a treasury in Ragusa (denarii quondam regis Volchassini), which was withdrawn by his sons totally not until 1399. In summer 1371 Demetrios Blukasinos marched to Zeta, where he assisted his relative Đurađ Balšić in his war against Nikola Altomanović. Demetrios Blukasinos waited in Skadar for the naval support from the Ragusan republic. Despot John Uglješa informed his brother by letter about the invasion of the Turks to Europe. Demetrios Blukasinos and his brother commanded the Serbian forces, which fought against the Ottoman army commanded by the Beglerbeg Lala Şahin Pasha and Evrenos near the village Černomen on 26th September 1371. His portrait and its accompanying inscription (Vь hrista boga blagověrni kralь Vlьkašin) has been preserved on the southern part of the entrance to the Monastery of Saint Archangel Michael at Prilep. The inscription in the chapel of the Panagia Eleousa on the shore of Lake (Great) Prespa, which mentions the three patrons of the church, gives detail about the date of the repainting (1410) and the name of the ruler, who was Demetrios Vlukasinos. The possibility of a later local ruler with the same name cannot be excluded, but a more probable version is that the construction of the church was realised during the rule of Demetrios Vlukasinos (Ανηγέρθει καὶ ἀνιστωρίθει ὁ Θείος καὶ πάνσεπτος ναὸς τὴς Ὑπεραγίας Δεσποίνης ἠμῶν Θεοτόκου καὶ Ἀειπαρθένου Μαρίας διὰ σὶνδρομὶς κόπου τε καὶ ἐξόδου τοῦ τιμίὅτατου εν ἰερομονάχοις κῦρου Σάβα καὶ κῦρου Ἰακόβου καὶ Βαρλαὰμ τῶν κτητόρων. Αὐθέντης ὁ Βλουκασίνος. Ἐπἷ ἒτους ϛπιη).
Bělko	Person	Mentioned in the second and third charter (1343/1345) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. The boundary of his property is attested in the delimitation of a 45 kьbьl large field. This land probably between the village Horupanь and Krivogaštani was bestowed to the Treskavec Monastery by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan (Niva kьblomь me. tužde plisiasь Grьlia i Stari Kladenьcь Dragovь i do Baru i do putě krivogaškego i do Starego Potoka do megju Bělkovu).
Chlapenos Radoslabos	Person	Identical with Radoslav’ (Povikь?)? It is doubtful, that he is the same person as the župan Hlapen, who governed Konavle and the region of Trebinje. He died before 1385. He was a commandant of the Serbian military troops in Macedonia, 1350. He controlled a large area in Macedonia in the border region, 1357–1362. He was a relative of the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan. He married Eirene Prelumpissa in 1358 (ὅθεν καὶ γυναῖκα λαμβάνει τὴν τοῦ Πρελούμπου ἐκείνου γαμετήν). He was the father of Helena. According to a manuscript note she was married to Marko Mrnjavčević (vь dьni blagověrnago kralja Mar’ka, jegda ōdade Thodoru Grьgurovu ženu Hlapenu, a uze ženu svoju prьvověn’čan’nu Jelenu, Hlapenovu dьštere). His second daughter was the wife of Nikolaos Baldubinos Pagases [Νικόλαος Βαλδουβῖνος Παγάσης/Nikola Bagaš] (ἀπὸ τοῦ πενθεροῦ μου Ῥαδοσλάβου τοῦ Χλαπένου). The third daughter called Maria Angelina Radosthlaba married Alexios Angelos Philantropenos. Mauro Orbini, a Ragusan chronicler from 16th century, who used older sources, mentions also a son of him called Stefan-Dukas (I maschi si chiamauno Duca & Stefano). He defected in 1350 along with Tolisthlabos from the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan to the Byzantine Emperor Ioannes VI Kantakuzenos (ἧκον δὲ καὶ αὐτόμολοι δύο ἐξ αὐτῶν· ὧν ἅτερος τῶν μάλιστα ἦν ἐπιφανῶν, κατὰ γένος προσήκων Κράλῃ, Χλάπαινος ὠνομασμένος, στρατιάν τε ἔχων ὑφ’ ἑαυτὸν οὐκ εὐκαταφρόνητον καὶ πολλὴν περιουσίαν· ὁ λοιπὸς δὲ οὐ τῶν πάνυ περιδόξων ἦν, πλὴν κἀκεῖνος ἀρχάς τε πόλεων ἐγκεχειρισμένος καὶ στρατοπέδων ἡγεμονίας, ὄνομα Τολίσθλαβος). After a while he switched sides again and joined most likely the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan. He captured Beroia before 1359, probably in 1351 (Οὗτος τοίνυν ὁ Χλάπενος, εἷς ὢν τῶν Σερβικῶν σατραπῶν καὶ τινα φρούρια ἐκ τῶν Ῥωμαï κῶν ὁρίων εἰληφώς, ἀλλὰ δὴ καὶ τὴν μεγαλόδοξον πόλιν Βέῤῥοιαν, μεγάλως ἐπὶ τοὶς κατορθώμασιν ἐσέμνυνεν). He witnessed the apparently falsified charter issued by the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš V in 1355 for the inhabitants of the town of Kotor (Radosav Chlapene). He acted as a protector of the inheritance right of his wife and his stepson Toma Preljubović (Θωμᾶς Πρέλουμπος). Therefore he seized the Thessalian town Damasis in 1359/1360 (Τῇ Βλαχίᾳ δὲ φθάσας μετὰ τῶν στρατευμάτων καὶ φρούριον ἓν πολιορκία εἰληφώς, Δάμασιν καλούμενον, εἰς συμβάσεις μετὰ τοῦ βασιλέως Συμεὼν χωροῦσι, καὶ τὸ φρούριον τούτῳ παραχωρεῖ). He gave up the town of Damasis to Simeon Uroš (Συμεὼν Παλαιολόγος) on condition of arranging the marriage between Maria Angelina Komnene Palaiologina, the daughter of Simeon, and Toma Preljubović (Θωμᾶς Πρέλουμπος). He founded the Mesonesiotissa Monastery near Kastoria (καὶ ἂν κατὰ διαδοχὴν καὶ κληρονομίαν ἔλαβον ἀπὸ τοῦ πενθεροῦ μου Ῥαδοσλάβου τοῦ Χλαπένου σεβασμίαν καὶ ἱερὰν μονὴν, τὴν παρ’ ἐκείνου ἀνεγερθεῖσαν ἐκ βάθρων αὐτῶν τῇ ὑπερευλογημένῃ ἡμῶν δεσποίνῃ καὶ θεομήτορι, τὴν οὕτω πως καλουμένην Μεσονησιώτισσαν). Apparently his ring was found on a medieval necropolis of the Vodoča Monastery near Strumica. It bears an invocation (Izvolite raba Božija Hlapena).
Davidovь Dimitrij	Person	Mentioned in the first charter (1334/1336) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan refers to him as kirь. He sold a 60 kьbьl large manor in Gligorovci near Maly Mramorane to the brother of Theōdorь, the Hegumen of the Treskavec Monastery. The brother of the hegumen bestowed the land to the Treskavec Monastery. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan confirmed the donation in the first charter for the Treskavec Monastery (Stasь u Gligorovьcehь igumna brata Theōdorova vь Malihь Mramoraněhь, kupenica ōdь kirь Dimitrija Davidova kьblomь .ksi. – mь).
Davidь 2	Person	Mentioned in the second and third charter (1343/1345) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. He sold a 100 kьbьl large estate in Maly Mramorane to the Treskavec Monastery. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan confirmed the transaction in the second and third charter for the Treskavec Monastery (I kupenica u Malyhь Mramoranehь ōtь Davida kьblomь r).
Dimit(a)rь	Person	Mentioned in the first charter (1334/1336) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. The charter refers to hims as kirь. He bought an estate near the village Dupijačanje. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan donated the property of kirь Dimit(a)rь to the Treskavec Monastery (Selo Dupijačanje sь ljudmi i sь nivijemь i sь vinogrady i sь kupenicami ōtь kirь Dimitra i ōtь kirь Jaka i ōtь kirь Vasilě).
Dimitr’	Person	Mentioned in the fragmentary preserved inscription above the entrance on the south wall of the Church of the Holy Mother of God in Drenovo, which is dated to 1356 or later. He was a painter (zugraf). He decorated the church of the Holy Mother of God in Drenovo with paintings after the death of the Serbian Emperor Stefan (probably Uroš IV Dušan) at the same time as the dominion was controlled by Nikola (Nikola Stanjevikь?) and Marko (Markos, the King?) (sьzda se hram’ si v’ lě.. ѕ i ō.....i azь Dimitr’ zugraf priloh’ vь hramь sei...lě..z i d i pisah’ pri drž’avě Nikole i Markě po smrьti svetorodnago cara Stefana).
Dmitьrь	Person	Vladimir Ćorović suggested that Dmitьrь was the patron of the fresco painting of the Saint Nicholas in the lunette of the Church of Saint Nicholas in Prilep (primi gospodi molenie raba svoego dimitra). Gojko Subotić showed that the corresponding inscription was made in 1477/1478. He is mentioned in the sources from 1376/1377 to 1412. He died after 30th June 1407 and before 1410. A certain terminus ante quem is the charter of the Court judge Simon Rozgonyi from 29th July 1412, where the death of Dmitьrь is attested (tempore mortis condam Demetrij filij Vilkuli, Regis tunc similiter Castellani de Wylagusuar). He appears as kraljevikь, dominus, viro magnifico ac spectabili in the sources. He held the position of the castellanus of the town Világos (now Şiria), 1404–1409/1410? and comes comitatus of the Zaránd (now Arad) county, 1404–1407/1408. He was the son of the Serbian King Demetrios Blukasinos and Lena. His siblings were Markos, Andrěašь, Ivanišь and Olivera. He is attested in the ktitorial inscription above the south door in the interior of the Church of the so-called Marko’ Monastery (Saint Demetrius Monastery in Sušice near Skopje), which was completed in 1376/1377 (Izvōlenïemь ōtca i voplьšenïem sina i sьšestviemь svetago duha ōbnovi se i popisa si svety i božestavni hramь svetago velikōmučenika Hristova pobědōnosca i myrotočьca Dimitrija sь usrьdïemь i potštanïemь blagověrnago kralja Vlkašina sь blagověrniei kralice Eleny i sь prěvazljublenym eju i prьvorodnimь sinomь blagověrnimь kraljemь Markomь i Andreašemь i Ivanïšemь i Dimïtrom vь lěto ·ѕ·ō·p·e· si že monastirь nače se zdati lěto ·ѕ·ō·n·g· vь dni blagověrnago cara Stefana i hristoljubivago kralja Vlьkašina a sьvrši se vь dьni blagověrnago i hristoljubivago kralja Marka). After the death of his father in 1371 he remained at the court of his mother Lena. He probably left Macedonia with his brother Andrěašь following the meeting at Serres in winter 1393/1394, because they refused to serve the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I. He and his brother Andrěašь came in summer 1394 to Dubrovnik. They received on 10th August 1394 374 perper and 6 grossi from the treasury of their father, which was deposited at the place of the nobleman Pavle Barabić (Paulus de Baraba). The last part of the treasury was reserved for their brother King Markos (denarii quondam regis Volchassini....due partes Andree et Dymitrio, filiis et heredibus condam regis Volcasini, mandato prescripti domini rectoris perperos trecentos septuaginta quatuor et grossos sex, tertia parte dictorum yperperorum reservata pro Marcho rege). Dmitьrь and Andrěašь were pleasently surprised by the large amount of money, that was paid to them by the Ragusan republic. They migrated afterwards in Hungary according to a later charter of the Ragusan republic for the duke Sandal Hranjić from 1423. They found their livelihood in Hungary (trovaron pane). Dmitьrь came again to Dubrovnik 1399. He collected the Hungarian tribute on behalf of the Hungarian King Sigismund (De promittendo ex gracia Dymitrio filio condam regis Volchassini, quod portando literam preceptoriam et expeditoriam a domino nostro regi Hungarie in forma consueta tributi quingentorum ducatorum, quos tenemur dicto domino nostro regi, dandi ipsi Dymitrio, dabimus et solvebimus illud eidem pro tempore hactenus preterito, quod debetur dicto domino nostro regi). He also picked up the last part of the treasury of his father on this occasion. Before he received the money, he had to prove that no legitimate heirs of King Marko exist (partem depositi, quod posuit ipse dominus rex Volchassin, que spectabat Marcho eius fratri, probando ipso Dymitras nobis, quod ipse Marchus non dimisit heredes legitimos). In 1400 Dmitьrь stayed in the town of Dubrovnik as an envoy of the Hungarian King Sigismund according to the charter of the Ragusan Republic for the Grand duke Hrvoje Vukčić. Dmitьrь asked the Ragusians to not relaese the Ottoman embassy to the Sultan (ōvьde se naměri Dmitьrь kraljevikь i tьdi se prigōdiše posli Turačski u našemь grafu da minu prěko mora. Doide k namь Dmitьrь mole da ihь ne propustimo, a mi tozi ništorь ne čusmo propustismo ihь, i prigōše slobodno tolikog je i dьnasь i vьzda mogu vsakōi posli slobodno poki). The Ragusan archives record between 20th and 22th December 1402 that Dmitьrь collected the tribute for the Hungarian King Sigismund. In March 1403 the tribute was given to Rafael Gučetić, who acted on behalf of Dmitьrь (Prima pars est de assignando Ser Raphaeli de Gozijs ad duhanam salis nostri communis cum ordine ducatos quingentos, recipienti nomine domini Dimitrii filii condam regis Vocassini pro tributo domini nostri regis Hungarie millesimi trecentesimi nonagesimi de mense marcii, assignato dicto domino Dimitrio per dominum regem, et hoc pro literis expeditoriis et preceptoriis dicti domini Dimitrii scribenti nobis super hoc literas suas). The Hungarian King Sigismund issued on 30th June 1407 a charter, where he appealed on Dmitьrь to give up the acts of violence towards the possession of Sigismundus, who was the son of Ban Ladislaus, the lord of Lučenec (Losonci) at Pankota (now Pâncota).
Dobre (1)	Person	Mentioned in the second and third charter (1343/1345) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan donated a fishing ground at the Great Prespa Lake, near Nivica and a fishing spot in Nakolьcь with a river, field, garden and fruit trees, to the Monastery of Treskavec. He endowed it with fishermen. One of them was Dobre.
Dobre (3)	Person	Mentioned in the colophone (170b) of the festal Menaion, which has been preserved in the Chludov collection of the manuscripts at the State Historical Museum in Moscow under the signature 164. The manuscript was written between the years 1371 and 1394. He worked as dijak (scribe). His father was Rado from the village Margaritь. His brother was the priest Stanko. He came from the village Margaritь. He wrote the festal Menaion at Kalugerьcь in the region of Porěčie for the priest Todorь during the reign of King Markos (Marko Mrnjavčević) (Pysa se sija knyga u Porěči, u selě zovom Kalugerecь vь dьni blagověrnago kralja Mar’ka, jegda ōdade Thodoru Grьgurovu ženu Hlapenu, a uze ženu svoju prьvověn’čan’nu Jelenu, Hlapenovu dьštere. Vь to vřeme se pisa popu Todoru na Kalugerci rada tod sa zetu, azь mnogogrěšni i nedostōini i vsěhь poslědny nedostojenь narešti se rabь Hristu Dobre dijak Radovь synь ōt Margarita, pōpa Stankovь bratь).
Drago (1)	Person	Mentioned in the second and third charter (1343/1345) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan donated the manor of Drago with a field, vineyard, mills, meadows and all rights to the Treskavec Monastery (Stasь Dragova s niviemь, s vinogradi, s mliny, s livadami, sь vsěmi pravinami). His well was in the vicinity of a 45 kьbьl large field. This field, located probably between the village Horupanь and Krivogaštani, was bestowed to the Treskavec Monastery by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan (Niva kьblomь me. tužde plisiasь Grьlia i Stari Kladenьcь Dragovь i do Baru i do putě krivogaškego i do Starego Potoka do megju Bělkovu).
Dragomanь (1)	Person	Mentioned in the second and third charter (1343/1345) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. He was a kastrofilakь (the commander of the fortress/town responsible for its maintenance). He donated the settlement site Komarьčěne with all its rights to the Treskavec Monastery. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan confirmed his gift in the second charter for Monastery of Treskevec (Selište Komarьčěne, što pridade Dragomanь kastrofilakь sь vsěmi pravinami). He probably owned a vineyard. This property was given to the Treskavec Monastery by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan (vinogradь kastrofilakovь pod Stěnkь).
Eksefilinь	Person	Mentioned in the second and third charter (1343/1345) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. He sold a courtyard with houses and a granary in the town Prilep to the Treskavec Monastery (I ešte u gradu Prilepě dvorь s kukijemь i žitiicomь, kupenica ōtь Eksefilina). He owned a field near the village Běla Crьkva. He donated it to the Treskavec Monastery. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan confirmed the gift in the second charter for the Treskavec Monastery (Selo Běla Crьkva sь nivijemь, sь vinogrady sь voděničijemь, sь kupenicami. Niva Unьzereva kon Bělu Crьkvu; i druga Eksefilinova konь crьkve jože tь priloži; i Topila jože dade Kalojanь Pečkopulь za dušu).
Evьgenevь	Person	Mentioned in the first charter (1334/1336) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. He possessed a manor near a field in Bohorino. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan donated the field in Bohorino and the manor of Evьgenevь to the Treskavec Monastery (niva u Bohorine, stasь Evьgeneva).
Geōrgь	Person	Mentioned in the third charter (1343/1345) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. Bubalo proposes the reading kirь Geōrgi. He sold a 70 kьbьl large field probably near the village Dupijačanje to the Treskavec Monastery. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan confirmed the transaction in the third charter for the Treskavec Monastery (Niva o. mь kьblomь kupena otь Kirijaka [Bubalo 2008: kupena otь kïri ]).
Glavatь Theōdorь	Person	Mentioned in the second and third charter (1343/1345) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. He owned a 36 kьbьl large field near the boundary of the village Hraštany. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan donated his field to the Treskavec Monastery (Niva Theōdora Glavata na gy hraštanskoi megi kьblomь lst. do kamně Žeravь i do Něgygu).
Glizěi	Person	Mentioned in the second and third charter (1343/1345) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. His possession bordered a 4 kьbьl large field above Horupanь, which was given to the Treskavec Monastery by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan (Nadь neju kьblomь st. pri Něgygu; i do togo putě niva na selišti kьblomь d. plisiastь Něgyga i Spandunь i mali putь i do Glizěa).
Gorgičь	Person	Mentioned in the second and third charter (1343/1345) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. He possessed a part of land near Gorkь. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan donated the orchards in Gorkь with the part of Gorьgičь’s and Něgoslavь’s land to the Treskavec Monastery (Sadovy u Gorьcě sь Gorьgičevěmь dělomь, sь Něgoslaōvěmь dělomь). He held an inherited estate in the village Eleněžьci. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš III Dečanski donated the village Eleněžьci to the Treskavec Monastery. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan confirmed the donation of his father and endowed the Treskavec Monastery also with the inherited properties of Murtinь, Gorgičь and kïrь Vasilь (Selo Eleněšci što priloži gospodinь kralь i potvrьdi kralevьstvo mi, i u nimь baština Murtina i Gōrgičeva i kïrь Vasileva sь vsěmi pravinami). He also owned a watermill in Bělovo on the manor of Črьnota, which was bestowed by the Serbian King to the Treskavec Monastery (Voděnica vь Bělevě Gorьgičiva na Črьnotině stasi, i druga voděnica kupena ōdь Murtiněhь polovinu).
Gropas Andreas	Person	Mentioned in different documents and relics from 1371 to 1379. According to the ktitor inscription in the Church Mal sveti Kliment in Ōhrid from 1378 he was the μέγαλος ζούπανος of Ōhrid. The Historia della casa Musachia records, that Andreas Gropas was married with Kiranna, the daughter of Andreas II. Musachi (questo Signor Groppa predetto dʼOcrida hehbe per moglie la Signora Chiranna seconda figlia sua). The sepulchral inscription for Ostoja Rajaković from 1379 reports, that he was the father-in-law of Ostoja Rajaković (zetь župana Grōpe). ). His son-in-law was also Balša Balšić (Balsa suo genero). He had his own coins minted since 1371. So far 27 pieces of these coins have been preserved. One of the coins has the legend „po milosti Božiei velikь županь Gropa gospodinь Ohrid.‟ Six coins mention him as župan. His father-in-law and his son-in-law Balša helped him to liberate the city of Kastoria from the control of the king Markos/Marko Kraljević. According to the Historia della casa Musachia he ruled beside Ōhrid also in Debar (Signor Groppa Signor dʼOcrida overo Debria). Nikolaj D. Ovčarov proposed to read some monogramm attempts found in the Church of Sveta Sofija in Ōhrid as signatures of Andreas Gropa. This ascertainment could lead us to the assumption, that Andreas Gropas had his own chancery.
Grьlja	Person	Mentioned in the second and third charter (1343/1345) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. N: His property was in the vicinity of a 45 kьbьl large field. This field, located probably between the village Horupanь and Krivogaštani, was bestowed to the Treskavec Monastery by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan (Niva kьblomь me. tužde plisiasь Grьlia i Stari Kladenьcь Dragovь i do Baru i do putě krivogaškego i do Starego Potoka do megju Bělkovu).
Hotěcь	Person	Mentioned in the second and third charter (1343/1345) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. He owned a mill. The Serbian King donated a half of the settlement site Dubnica with vineyard, the mill of Hotěcь and all rights to the Treskavec Monastery (Ōdь Dubinicu polovinu s vinogrady, sь mlinomь Hotěcevěmь i sь vsěmi pravinami/ mlinь Hotěcevь).
Jelena (3)	Person	Mentioned in the colophone (170b) of the festal Menaion, which has been preserved in the Chludov collection of the manuscripts at the State Historical Museum in Moscow under the signature 164. The manuscript was written between the years 1371 and 1394. She was the daughter of Radoslabos Chlapenos and Eirene Prelumpissa. She was married to King Markos. The marriage to Đurađ I Balšić is preserved in the later work of Mauro Orbini. Markos divorced her and then lived with Thodora, who was the daughter or wife of a certain Grьgurь, probably Grьgurь Branković. After the romance with Thodora ended, Markos gave Thodora to Radoslabos Chlapenos and remarried Jelena according to dijak Dobre, who wrote about it in a note in the festal Menaion (Pysa se sija knyga u Porěči, u selě zovom Kalugerecь vь dьni blagověrnago kralja Mar’ka, jegda ōdade Thodoru Grьgurovu ženu Hlapenu, a uze ženu svoju prьvověn’čan’nu Jelenu, Hlapenovu dьštere). Markos divorced her again because of her bad behaviour according to Mauro Orbini. She then resided in town of Kastoria. Đurađ I Balšić, who wanted to seize Kastoria, persuaded Jelena into marriage. After Đurađ I Balšić divorced his first wife, Jelena ceded the town of Kastoria to him and became his wife.
Kalinïkь	Person	Mentioned in the third charter (1343/1345) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. He was probably the Hegumen of Treskavec Monastery (igumnь Kalinïkь). He bought an estate, which had its boundaries from the oak under Dupijačanje till Gorkь and Maly Mramorane (Kupenica što kupi igumnь Kalinïkь: hrastь podь Dupьjačani, načьnь ōtь puti podь Radimanovu voděnicu, putemь podь Gorkь do kïr Vasileve megje, i ōtьtudě slazešte na putь dušьnički koi grede u Mramorane, putemь uz brьdo Gligorovcemь do voděnice Radimanove, gde i počelo).
Kondrь	Person	Mentioned in the second and third charter (1343/1345) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. He owned together with Plisvarь a 80 kьbьl large field, which was located in the middle of the settlement site Kučьkověne and near Vinci. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan donated the field to the Treskavec Monastery (Niva po srědě Kučkovьanь u Vinьcehь; niva Plisvareva i Kondrova kьblomь p. do puti kučkovianskoga idušte u kira Marïo i do rěčišta Evrěiskoga i puti ōbrьšanskoga).
Kopriva Nikola	Person	Mentioned in the second and third charter (1343/1345) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. He sold a watermill near Kraguici to the Treskavec Monastery. The transaction was confirmed by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan in the second and third charter for the Treskavec Monastery (Voděnica u Kraguicehь kupenica ōtь Koprive Nïkole).
Kostanьdinь	Person	Identical with Konstantin Dragaš (Konstantinos Dragases)? Mentioned in the second charter of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. The source denotes him as a sevastokratorovikь. Therefore he might be the son of an unknown sevastokrator. He donated the settlement site Kostino with all its rights to the Treskavec Monastery. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan confirmed the gift in the second charter for the Treskavec Monastery (Selište Kostino, što priloži Kostanьdinь sevastokratorovikь, sь vsěmi pravinami).
Kurtesь	Person	Mentioned in the second and third charter (1343/1345) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. He owned a 36 kьbьl large field in Vinci. The Serbian King donated the field of Kurtesь to the Treskavec Monastery (Niva Kurteseva u Vinьcehь kьblomь lst., blizь popa Mavrike i Bara i Stefa).
Lucija	Person	Mentioned in the second charter of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. She possessed a vineyard under Hraštany probably in the region of Polog. The Serbian Emperor donated her vineyard with the nearby mountain to the Treskavec Monastery (Lucinь vinogradь podь Hraštany i sь brьdomь).
Madarakь Strězo	Person	Mentioned in the second and third charter (1343/1345) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. He owned a property near a 100 kьbьl large estate of the Treskavec Monastery in Galičane (Město vь Galičanehь kupenica Panaretova kьblomь r. plisiastь sevastь Pečkopulь i Strězo Madarakь).
Marïo	Person	Mentioned in the third charter (1343/1345) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. The charter denotes him as a kirь. His property is attested in the boundary description of a 80 kьbьl large in the middle of Kučьkověne and near Vinci, which was given to the Treskavec Monastery by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan (Niva po srědě Kučkovьanь u Vinьcehь; niva Plisvareva i Kondrova kьblomь p. do puti kučkovianskoga idušte u kira Marïo i do rěčišta Evrěiskoga i puti ōbrьšanskoga).
Markos	Person	The fragmentary preserved inscription above the entrance on the south wall of the Church of the Holy Mother of God in Drenovo, which is dated to 1356 or later, refers to a painter Dimitr’, who worked on the decoration of the church Drenovo after the death of the Serbian Emperor Stefan (probably Uroš IV Dušan) at the same time as the dominion was controlled by Nikola (Nikola Stanjevikь?) and Marko (Markos, the King?) (sьzda se hram’ si v’ lě.. ѕ i ō.....i azь Dimitr’ zugraf priloh’ vь hramь sei...lě..z i d i pisah’ pri drž’avě Nikole i Markě po smrьti svetorodnago cara Stefana). The hypothesis about the identity of Marko from the inscription and Markos was refuted by Evgenij P. Naumov. He died on 17th May 1395. He appears in the sources as mladi kralj. He was the co–ruler of the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš V, 27.9.1371–2. (4.) 12. 1371, since 2. (4). 12. 1371 formal king of the Serbian Empire. He was the son of the Serbian King Demetrios Blukasinos and Lena. His siblings were Andrěašь, Dmitьrь, Ivanišь and Olivera. He was married to Jelena, the daughter of Radoslabos Chlapenos. He divorced her and lived then with Thodora, who was the daughter of a certain Grьgurь, probably Grьgurь Branković. After the romance with Thodora ended, Markos gave Thodora to Radoslabos Chlapenos and remarried Jelena according to dijak Dobre, who wrote about it in a note in the festal Menaion (Pysa se sija knyga u Porěči, u selě zovom Kalugerecь vь dьni blagověrnago kralja Mar’ka, jegda ōdade Thodoru Grьgurovu ženu Hlapenu, a uze ženu svoju prьvověn’čan’nu Jelenu, Hlapenovu dьštere). Markos divorced her again because of her bad behaviour according to Mauro Orbini. The later Greek chronicler Makarios Melissenos relates that Andronikos IV Palaiologos, the son of the Byzantine Emperor Ioannes V Palaiologos, together with his father-in-law Markos, who ruled over the Bulgarian land, sought help at the court of the Ottoman Sultan (καὶ τοῦ πενθεροῦ αὐτοῦ Μάρκου τοῦ τῆς Βουλγαρίας ἔτι μέρος δεσπόζοντος). In July 1361 he was in Dubrovnik as an emissary. The Ragusans gave him back his silver deposit under the condition that he will not trade with it and with the 25 pounds of silver, which belonged to Lena, his mother (Prima pars est de restituendo Marco ambaxiatori argentum suum cum hac conditione, quod non possit emere mercationes cum ipso nisi de libris XXV argenti uxoris Volcassini). Demetrios Blukasinos intended to marry Markos to the daughter of the Croatian nobleman Gregor Pavlović Šubić. Demetrios Blukasinos contacted therefore the Bosnian King Tvrtko at whose court the woman lived as a protégé. The plan of Demetrios Blukasinos failed because of the opposition of Pope Urban V, who did not allow to marry the catholic princess to schismatic Markos. Pope Urban V expressed his point of view to Tvrtko in a letter from April 1370 (quodque tu eandem puellam tradere nuptui filio mangnifici viri Regis Rascie scismatico absque dictorum parentum voluntate procuras, in anime ipsius puelle periculum, eorundem parentum iniuriam et offensam fidei christiane). Markos is attested along with his mother Lena and his brother Andrěašь in the charter of the Serbian King Demetrios Blukasinos for the Ragusan Republic, which was issued on 5th April 1370 (i po vʼse dni veselešti mi se vь zemʼli kraljevstva mi sь prěvьzljubljenʼnomь kraljestva mi kralicomь kyra Lěnom i sь prěvьzʼljubʼljenʼnimi synovi kraljevstva mi Markomь i Anьdrějašemь). The Church of Saint Sunday (Sveta Nedela) in Prizren was renovated under the patronage of Markos in 1370/1371. He is attested as a young king in the ktirorial inscription (izvōljenjemь ōtca i vьplьštenijemь sina i blagodětiju svetago duha. sii svety i božьstvny hramь prěčьstïe vladičice naše bogordice. vьhoda ne sьzda se ï popisa. Pōvělěnïemь ï sь ōtkupōmь gospodina mladago krala marka lěto ·ѕ·ō·o·th· indiktiōn th). Ioannes Unklesis mentioned Markos in the charter for the Monastery Lavra on the Holy Mount Athos from April 1371 as his anepsei. Markos and Demetrios Blukasinos planned a campaign against Nikola Altomanović in the spring 1371. They camped near Skutari, on the territory of their ally Đurađ I Balšić, in July 1371 and were ready to attack Onogošt in the land of Altomanović (Li çintili homini et lo comun di Ragusa reçevi una littera, la qual lor mandasti tu Andrea Pastrovich, dando lor a savere, ca Jura cum misser lo re Volchassin et cum Marco suo fio, cum lor hoste son suta Scutari, et va sovra çuppan Nicola o in Anagast). The attack never took place, because the Ottomans threatened Ioannes Unklesis. Demetrios Blukasinos rushed to help his brother. After Ioannes Unklesis and Demetrios Blukasinos were killed at the battle of Marica on 26th September 1371, Markos became the co–ruler of the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš V. When the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš V. died on 2th (or 4th) December 1371, Markos became the formal king of the Serbian Empire, but his rule was never accepted by the local Serbian aristocrats. Subsequently, the Serbian local aristocrats took advantage of the militarily weakened position of Markos and gradually seized large parts of his lands. Lazar took very early Priština and Novo Brdo, in 1372 Đurađ I Balšić occupied Prizren, later Kastoria, Bulkos (Vlkь Brankovikь) controlled since 1376/1377 the Skopje area and Konstantinos Dragases with his brother Ioannes expanded also their territory at the expense of Markos. Markos ruled since then over the area of Pelagonia and had his stronghold in Prilep. Markos minted his own coins. Markos renovated also the Church of the Saint Archangels in Prilep around 1372. The main entrance to the church is flanked by the painted portrait of Demetrios Blukasinos and Markos, who is depicted in the white sakkos. The portrait of Markos bears an inscription (Vь hrista boga věrenь kralь Marko). Markos became the vassal of the Ottoman sultan following the meeting at Serres in winter 1393/1394. Markos rebuilt the Saint Demetrius Monastery near the village Sušica (the so-called Marko’s Monastery) between 1376/1377 and 1381 (Izvōlenïemь ōtca i voplьšenïem sina i sьšestviemь svetago duha ōbnovi se i popisa si svety i božestavni hramь svetago velikōmučenika Hristova pobědōnosca i myrotočьca Dimitrija sь usrьdïemь i potštanïemь blagověrnago kralja Vlkašina sь blagověrniei kralice Eleny i sь prěvazljublenym eju i prьvorodnimь sinomь blagověrnimь kraljemь Markomь i Andreašemь i Ivanïšemь i Dimïtrom vь lěto ·ѕ·ō·p·e· si že monastirь nače se zdati lěto ·ѕ·ō·n·g· vь dni blagověrnago cara Stefana i hristoljubivago kralja Vlьkašina a sьvrši se vь dьni blagověrnago i hristoljubivago kralja Marka). The lunette of the south door of the monastery church is decorated with his portrait. Markos is shown holding a horn in his right hand and a scroll with the inscription Azь vь Hrista Boga blagověrьni kralь Markos sьzdahь i popisahь sy božestvni hramь. He together with his brother Markos marched in 1389 with the troops of the Ottoman Sultan Murad I against the army of the Serbian Prince Lazaros (Lazar Hrebeljanović) and Bulkos (Vuk Branković) according to the Tronoški rodoslov from the 18th century (Amuratь že ōbrativь voinstvō skoe na deržavu lazarevu, predvodimь markomь i andreemь). He together with Konstantinos Dragases as Ottoman vassals marched on the side of the Sultan Bayazid I. against the Wallachian army led by Mircea the Elder. He perished in the battle of Rovine on 17th May 1395. Markos is the hero of the Serbian epic poetry.
Mavrikь	Person	Mentioned in the second and third charter (1343/1345) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. He was a priest (popь). He owned a property near the 36 kьbьl large field in Vinci, which was given by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan to the Treskavec Monastery (Niva Kurteseva u Vinьcehь kьblomь lst., blizь popa Mavrike i Bara i Stefa).
Milošь (2)	Person	Mentioned in the charter of Vukašin (Demetrios Blukasinos) from January 1366, in which the Serbian King confirmed the donation of Novakь Mrasorovikь to the Monastery Hagios Panteleemon on the Holy Mount Athos.He was the Governor of the town Prilep (kefalia prilěpьski). He was the guarantee of the legal accuracy of the charter, which was issued by the Serbian King Vukašin (Demetrios Blukasinos) in January 1366 (A tomu milostnikь Milošь kefalia prilěpьski).
Misinopolites (Demetrios)	Person	Mentioned in the first (1334/1336), second and third charter (1343/1345) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. At his disposal was a nearly 9 hectare large estate, which lay – according to the context of the charter – in the vicinity of the estates of the Byzantine emperor and was sold by Misinopolites to the Monastery of Treskavec at an unknown date (kupenica ōtь Misinopolita u carevě zevьgelatii, kьblomь .r.). He was the donor of the Church of St. Demetrius in the east of the medieval lower town of Prilep (today Varoš). He sponsored the renovation and the painted decoration of this church. It is uncertain, whether the preserved portrait of the donor in the church itself and the donor inscription [δέ(ησις) τοῦ δού[λου] τοῦ θ(εο)ῦ Δημητρίου τοῦ Μησηνοπολήτου καὶ κτήτορ(ος) τοῦ ναοῦ] in the southern aisle of the western part of the church attest the Misinopolites or his son.
Murtinь	Person	Mentioned in the second and third charter (1343/1345) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. He held a patrimonial estate in the village Eleněžьci. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš III Dečanski donated the village Eleněžьci to the Treskavec Monastery. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan confirmed the donation of his father and endowed the Treskavec Monastery also with the patrimonial properties of Murtinь, Gorgičь and kïrь Vasilь (Selo Eleněšci što priloži gospodinь kralь i potvrьdi kralevьstvo mi, i u nimь baština Murtina i Gōrgičeva i kïrь Vasileva sь vsěmi pravinami).
Nobakos	Person	Probably identical with Novakь Mrasorovikь. In January 1366 ugodni vlastelin Novakь Mrasorovikь addressed the request to the Serbian Despot Ioan Uglješa (Ioannes Unklesis) and also the Serbian King Vukašin (Demetrios Blukasinos) to approve his donation of the village Koprivljane to the Monastery Hagios Panteleemon on the Holy Mount Athos. Both of them confirmed the endowment of Novakь Mrasorovikь to the Monastery Hagios Panteleemon on the Holy Mount Athos in a separate chrysobull charter. Nobakos is mentioned in the dedicatory inscription found on the western wall of the Virgin Maryʼs Church in Mali Grad from 1368–1369. He appears as πανευτυχέστατος in the dedicatory inscription. He was kaisar. He was married to Kale. He had a son Amirales and a daughter named Maria. He sponsored the renovation and decoration of the Virgin Maryʼs Church in Mali Grad in the year 1368–1369. The dedicatory inscription on the western wall relates about the ktetor Nobakos, who built the church from the ground, which is apparently not true, because Mpoeikos together with Eudokia and her son sponsored already in 1344/1345 the first painted decoration of the church (Άνηγέρθη ἐκ βάθρου καὶ κόπού καὶ μόχθοῦ ὁ θεϊος κὲ πάνσεπτος ναώς ουτος της υπεραγίας δεσπίνης ἡμων Θεοτόκου καὶ ἀνηστορίθην παρὰ του αὐφθέντου αὐτοῦ πὰνευτυχεστάτου κέσαρος Νοβάκου ἠγουμενέβῶντὸς δὲ Ἰωνὰ μοναχοῦ. Αὐφθεντεύβοντος πανυψηλοτάτου κραλήου τοῦ Βεληκασίνου. Άρχαηερατεύωντος δὲ τῆς ἀγιωτάτης ἀρχιεπησκοπῆς τῆς Πρότης Ἰουστινηανης, ετους ͵ςωοζʹ). The family portrait of Nobakos has been preserved on the western external façade. Nobakos is portrayed with a halo.
Něgygь	Person	Mentioned in the second and third charter (1343/1345) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. His estate was near the field of Theōdorь Glavatь and the village Hraštany. (Niva Theōdora Glavata na gy hraštanskoi megi kьblomь lst. do kamně Žeravь i do Něgygu). His possession bordered also two small fields, which were given to the Treskavec Monastery by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan (Nadь neju kьblomь st. pri Něgygu; i do togo putě niva na selišti kьblomь d. plisiastь Něgyga i Spandunь i mali putь i do Glizěa).
Oliverь (2)	Person	He is probaly identical with Oliverъ from Prilep, who was the scribe of the Menaion for July and August, which has been preserved in the collection of manuscripts at the Dečani Monastery (Nr. 32). Mentioned in the fragmentary written entry. The record appears in the Festal Menaion for the Months September-December (Nr. 913), which is kept in the National library of Serbia. He was probably the Kefalija in the region of Pelagonia during the reign of Markos (Marko Kraljević). This hypothesis is based on two other fragmentary preserved written records in the same manuscript (ōt kefalie ōlivera gnь /snь/…mitropolitu pelagoniskamu [ōt] … gospodinu mi kralju Marku).
Padiatь	Person	Mentioned in the third charter (1343/1345) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. He owned a property near a 9 kьbьl large field under Srani Trьnь near Chlerenon. The field under Srani Trьnь was bestowed by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan to the Treskavec Monastery (niva blizь Padiata podь selomь kьblomь th).
Panaret	Person	Mentioned in the first (1334/1336), second and third charter (1343/1345) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. He bought an 100 kьbьl large estate in Galičane. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan donated his property in Galičane to the Treskavec Monastery (Město vь Galičanehь kupenica Panaretova kьblomь r. plisiastь sevastь Pečkopulь i Strězo Madarakь).
Pečkopulь Kalojanь	Person	Mentioned in the second and third charter (1343/1345) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. The sources denote him as a sevastь. He owned a property near a 100 kьbьl large estate of the Treskavec Monastery in Galičane (Město vь Galičanehь kupenica Panaretova kьblomь r. plisiastь sevastь Pečkopulь i Strězo Madarakь). He donated the former field of Topil near the village Běla Crьkva to the Treskavec Monastery for the sake of his salvation. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan confirmed the gift in the second charter for the Treskavec Monastery (Selo Běla Crьkva sь nivijemь, sь vinogrady sь voděničijemь, sь kupenicami. Niva Unьzereva kon Bělu Crьkvu; i druga Eksefilinova konь crьkve jože tь priloži; i Topila jože dade Kalojanь Pečkopulь za dušu).
Plisvarь	Person	Mentioned in the second and third charter (1343/1345) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. He owned together with Kondrь a 80 kьbьl large field, which was located in the middle of the settlement site Kučьkověne and near Vinci. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan donated the field to the Treskavec Monastery (Niva po srědě Kučkovьanь u Vinьcehь; niva Plisvareva i Kondrova kьblomь p. do puti kučkovianskoga idušte u kira Marïo i do rěčišta Evrěiskoga i puti ōbrьšanskoga).
Prosenikos Ioannes	Person	Probably mentioned in the first charter (1334/1336) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec and in the inscription near the donor portrait in the Church of Saint Sophia in Ōhrid from 1350/1360. He was according to the inscription honoured with the titles κύρου τοῦ σεβάστου. His donor portrait and inscription are preserved on the pilaster of the west wall of narthex in the Church of Saint Sophia in Ōhrid (Μνήσθητι Κύριε τὴν ψυχὴν τοῦ δούλου Ἰωάννου κύρου τοῦ σεβάστου τοῦ Πρωσενικοῦ). He might also donated the abandoned settlement site Lepьče to the Treskavec Monastery. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan confirmed his gift in the first charter for the Treskavec Monastery (Selište pusto Lepьče, što priloži Prosenikь, sь ōblastiju i sь vьsěmi pravinami).
Radimanь	Person	Mentioned in the third charter (1343/1345) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. His watermill is attested in the boundary description of a land, which was bought by Kalinïkь, the Hegumen of the Treskavec Monastery (Kupenica što kupi igumnь Kalinïkь: hrastь podь Dupьjačani, načьnь ōtь puti podь Radimanovu voděnicu, putemь podь Gorkь do kïr Vasileve megje, i ōtьtudě slazešte na putь dušьnički koi grede u Mramorane, putemь uz brьdo Gligorovcemь do voděnice Radimanove, gde i počelo).
Runzerь	Person	He possessed a watermill in the village Ōbrьšani together with the Treskavec Monastery (I drugo voděničьje u Ōbrьšanehь dvě ōcě, i drugo voděničьje što je zajedno sь Runьzeremь). He owned a field near the village Běla Crьkva. He sold it to the Treskavec Monastery. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan confirmed the transaction in the second and third charter for the Treskavec Monastery (Selo Běla Crьkva sь nivijemь, sь vinogrady sь voděničijemь, sь kupenicami. Niva Unьzereva kon Bělu Crьkvu; i druga Eksefilinova konь crьkve jože tь priloži; i Topila jože dade Kalojanь Pečkopulь za dušu/ Selo Běla Crьkva s niviemь, s vinogradi, s voděničiemь, s kupenicami i zadušninomь, i sь vsěmi pravinami; niva Runzerica ï Eksefilininica i Topila).
Sinaheretь	Person	Mentioned in the second and third charter (1343/1345) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. He owned а vineyard at the Pesьje Brьdo in Prilep. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan donated his vineyard to the Treskavec Monastery (i drugi vinogradь Sinaheritovь na Pesьimь Brьdě). His church is mentioned in the boundary description of the village Eleněžьci (i do crьkvu Sinaheretovu).
Soprьstь	Person	Mentioned in the second and third charter (1343/1345) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. He had a brother and a family. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan donated a fishing spot in Nakolьcь at the lake Prespa with a river, field, garden and fruit trees, to the Monastery of Treskavec. He endowed it with fishermen. One of them was Soprьstь with his brother and his family (Lovište u Prěspě Nakolьcь s ribari, s rěkomь, s niviemь, z gradinomь, ovoštïemь; imena rybaremь Soprьstь z bratiōmь i s rodomь mu).
Spandunь	Person	He possessed a property near a 30 kьbьl large field in Blatcь. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan donated the 30 kьbьl field in Blatcь to the Treskavec Monastery (Niva na Blatci kьblomь l. plisiastь Spandun i Dědoslavь). His part of land is mentioned in the boundary description of the settlement site Bučinь, which was bestowed by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan to the Treskavec Monastery (Selište Bučinь sь nivijemь, sь brьdomь, sь voděnicijem, zaselьkomь, sь Dolěny i sь Taroniněvěmь dělomь i Zigoevěmь dělomь i Spanьdunevěmь dělomь, a tomu megě do Vatačevu voděnicu i do ... iguri luku i do prěsilьsku megju). His estate was near 30 kьbьl large field under the village Polaticь, which was given by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan to the Treskavec Monastery (Niva pod Polaticь kьblomь .l. plisiastь Spandunь i hraštanski putь do Stana Vlьkana). His domain bordered a 40 kьbьl large field in the vicinity of Polaticь (Niva sumegna do Radoslava i Hitreša kьblomь .m., plisiastь Spanьdunь i Hitrešь i do selišta Polaticь). He held a land near a 4 kьbьl large field probably above Horupanь (Nadь neju kьblomь st. pri Něgygu; i do togo putě niva na selišti kьblomь d. plisiastь Něgyga i Spandunь i mali putь i do Glizěa).
Stefo	Person	Mentioned in the second and third charter (1343/1345) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. He owned a property near the 36 kьbьl large field in Vinci, which was given by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan to the Treskavec Monastery (Niva Kurteseva u Vinьcehь kьblomь lst., blizь popa Mavrike i Bara i Stefa).
Taroninь	Person	Mentioned in the second charter of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. His part of land is mentioned in the boundary description of the settlement site Bučinь, which was donated by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan to the Treskavec Monastery (Selište Bučinь sь nivijemь, sь brьdomь, sь voděnicijem, zaselьkomь, sь Dolěny i sь Taroniněvěmь dělomь i Zigoevěmь dělomь i Spanьdunevěmь dělomь, a tomu megě do Vatačevu voděnicu i do ... iguri luku i do prěsilьsku megju).
Theōdoh	Person	Mentioned in the second and third charter (1343/1345) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. He owned a 100 kьbьl large field near the village Eleněžьci. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan donated his field to the Treskavec Monastery (Niva Theōdohova u Eleněšcehь kьblomь r.).
Theōdorь (2)	Person	Mentioned in the first charter (1334/1336) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. Apparently hegumen of the Treskavec Monastery (igumna brata Theōdorova). He had a brother. His brother bought a 60 kьbьl large manor in Gligorovci near Maly Mramorane from Dimitrij Davidovь. He donated it to the Treskavec Monastery. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan confirmed the gift in the first charter for the Treskavec Monastery (Stasь u Gligorovьcehь igumna brata Theōdorova vь Malihь Mramoraněhь, kupenica ōdь kirь Dimitrija Davidova kьblomь .ksi. – mь).
Theōfil	Person	Mentioned in the third charter (1343/1345) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. He possessed a manor in Krivogaštani. The Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan donated his manor with a field, garden, meadows and all rights to the Treskavec Monastery (Ï ešte tretia Theōfilova stas, vse tezi s niviemь, s gradinomь, s livadami i sь vsěmi pravinami).
Thodora	Person	Mentioned in the colophone (170b) of the festal Menaion, which has been preserved in the Chludov collection of the manuscripts at the State Historical Museum in Moscow under the signature 164. The manuscript was written between the years 1371 and 1394. She was the daughter or wife of a certain Grьgurь, probably Grьgurь Branković. Her husband was Radoslabos Chlapenos. King Markos had an affair with her. After the romance ended, Markos gave Thodora to Radoslabos Chlapenos and remarried Jelena according to dijak Dobre, who wrote about it in a note in the festal Menaion (Pysa se sija knyga u Porěči, u selě zovom Kalugerecь vь dьni blagověrnago kralja Mar’ka, jegda ōdade Thodoru Grьgurovu ženu Hlapenu, a uze ženu svoju prьvověn’čan’nu Jelenu, Hlapenovu dьštere).
Topilь	Person	Mentioned in the second and third charter (1343/1345) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. He owned a field near the village Běla Crьkva. Kalojanь Pečkopulь acquired his property and donated it to the Treskavec Monastery for the sake of his salvation. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan confirmed the gift in the second charter for the Treskavec Monastery (Selo Běla Crьkva sь nivijemь, sь vinogrady sь voděničijemь, sь kupenicami. Niva Unьzereva kon Bělu Crьkvu; i druga Eksefilinova konь crьkve jože tь priloži; i Topila jože dade Kalojanь Pečkopulь za dušu).
Unklesis Ioannes	Person	He died on 29th June 1371 during the battle against the Ottomans at Černomen/Marica. The Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš V bestowed on 9th August 1365 the title of Despot upon him. Ioannes Unklesis enlarged the Simonos Petra-Monydrion and made from it the Simonos Petra-Monastery on the Mount Athos out of gratitude for being awarded with the title. He endowed it with many lands. Ioannes Unklesis issued between 9th August 1365 and October 1368 a chrysobull charter regarding his ktitorial activity in the Simonos Petra-Monastery on Mount Athos, which has been preserved only in the transcription of Kyrillos Lukaris, the Patriarch of Constantinople, from 1622/1623. He designates himself as δεσπότης καὶ αὐτοκράτωρ πάσης Σερβίας καὶ Ῥωμανίας in this charter. He signed the charter in favour of the Zographu-Monastery on the Mount Athos in February 1369 as Ἰωάννης ἐν Χριστῶ τῷ Θεῷ πιστὸς δεσπότης καὶ αὐτοκράτωρ, ὁ Οὔγκλεσης. He designated his reign since March 1368 as βασιλεία. He retained this self-designation till 1371. This self-designation appears in the Slavic documents in the form „carstvo“. He was the groom (ἱπποκόμος) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan. Ioannes Unklesis, who held the position of grand duke, confirmed in 1358 an endowment of his mother-in-law, the wife of Boichnas, for the Kutlumus Monastery (ὅπερ ἐπροσίλοσεν ἡ ἁγία μου κυρία ἡ Κεσάρισα πρὸς αὐτὴν τὴν μονὴν ἐν τι τοποθεσία τὴ ἐπικεκλημένι ἡ Προυνέα χάριν ψυχηκὴς δωρεὰς αὐτῆς ζευγαρίων τεσσάρον... ἐγὼ Οὔγλεσις μέγας βοεβόδας ἀπὸ τὴς αὐτοῦ ἐλεημοσίνης τοὺ αὐθέντου ἡμῶν τοὺ πανευτυχεστάτου δεσπότου καὶ τοὺ ἀδελφοὺ αὐτοὺ τοὺ [...τ...]ου μου στέργο καὶ βεβεῶ τὰ τιαύτα χωράφια εἰς τὴν Προυνέαν γὴν ζευγαρίων τεσάρον ὅπος νέμωσην οἱ τιαύτοι μοναχοὶ τὴς θείας βασιλεικῆς μονῆς τοὺ Κουτλουμούσι ἀκολείτος). He signed the document as velik vōevoda. His father was Margnaua (Orbini)/ Margna (Luccari), who was a poor nobleman from Livno in Hum. Ioannes Unklesis was the cousin (ἀνεψιός) of Helene, the Serbian Empress. His brother was Demetrios Blukasinos and his sister was Helene. The husband of his sister was Nikolaos Radochnas (Νικόλαος ῾Ραδόχνας, Nikola Radonja). He was married to Euphemia. Ioannes Unklesis was the son-in-law of Boichnas (Voihna). He was the father of Uglješa, who died as a child. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan took his father and the whole family to the court. The senate of the Ragusan republic (Consilium rogatorum) granted the payment of 50 ducats to Ioannes Unklesis on 22th July 1346 (In consilio rogatorum, in quo interfuerunt 34 consiliarii, captum fuit per omnes, nemine discortante, quod Ugiesse barono huius contrate noviter misso a domino imperatore, pro confirmanda et captanda benivolentia cum ipso ei ut habeat causam bene vivendi cum terra, de avere comunis detur et donetur eidem usque florenos seu ducatos L, prout videbitur d. comiti et suo minori consilio). Ioannes Unklesis governed independently in the are of Serres, Christupolis (Kavala), Philippoi, Drama and Zichnai. He had a good connection to the monks in Mount Athos and acknowledged Sabas, the Protos at the Mount Athos, in 1369 as his spiritual father. The Batopedi Monastery on the Mount Athos obtained at the beginning of the year 1365 from Ioannes Unklesis the Monastery of Theotokos Spelaiotissa in the vicinity of the town Melnik with vineyards and gardens, the village Tzukarades, land near the gate of the Lower Town of Melnik, twelwe subjects within the fortress of Melnik, the village Katunitza, the monydrion Hagios Georgios Aliseres, the village Hagia Kyriake, the village Dempreane, the village Mpusdobos, four mills within the fortress of Melnik, two mills in Katunitza, and other lands in the vicinity of the town Melnik. The Byzantine Emperor Ioannes V Palaiologos issued in September 1365 a chrysobull charter at the request of the Despot Ioannes Unklesis, in which he donated estates in the vicinity of Serres and Kalamaria to the Hilandar Monastery (Ἐπεὶ ὁ περιπόθητος ἀνεψιὸς τῆς ὑψηλοτάτης δεσποίνης Σερβίας καὶ περιποθήτου ἀδελφῆς τῆς βασιλείας μου, εὐτυχέστατος δεσπότης τῆς Σερβίας κῦρ Ἰωάννης ὁ Οὔγκλεσις, ἐζήτησε καὶ παρεκάλεσε τὴν βασιλείαν μου ἵνα γένηται χρυσόβουλλον τοῖς μοναχοῖς τῆς κατὰ τὸ ἅγιον ὄρος τοῦ Ἄθω διακειμένης σεβασμίας μονῆς, τῆς εἰς ὄνομα τιμωμένης τῆς πανυπεράγνου δεσποίνης καὶ θεομήτορος καὶ ἐπικεκλημένης τοῦ Χελανταρίου, καὶ κατέχωσι καὶ εἰς τοεξῆς τὸ περὶ τὰς Σέρρας χωρίον, τὸ καλούμενον τοῦ Ποθολινοῦ, ἔτι τε τὸ ἐν τῇ Καλαμαρίᾳ ἕτερον χωρίον τὸ καλούμενον Λιγνὸν μετὰ τῆς σκάλλας αὐτοῦ). In January 1366 ugodni vlastelin Novakь Mrasorovikь addressed the request to the Serbian Despot Ioannes Unklesis and also to the Serbian King Demetrios Blukasinos to approve his donation of the village Koprivljane to the Monastery Hagios Panteleemon on the Holy Mount Athos. Both of them confirmed the endowment of Novakь Mrasorovikь to the Monastery Hagios Panteleemon on the Holy Mount Athos in a separate chrysobull charter (Sьdrьžeštu mi sia vsa blagověrьnōmu i Bogomь postavlěnnōmu despotu Iōanu Ugleši despotьstvujuštu; blagōvěrьnyi despotь Iōannь Uglešь). The Despot Ioannes Unklesis sponsored the hospital at the Batopedi Monastery and the Esphigmenu Monastery as well. He erected the monydrion of Saint Nicholas at Karyes. He was the ktitor of the small church of Saint Anargyroi at the Batopedi Monastery, where he is portrayed as a patron. The Serbian Despot Ioannes Unklesis confirmed the donation of Kaisar Boichnas (Voihna) for the monk and spiritual father Daniil. He approved all privileges concerning the Church of the Saint Archangels Michael and Gabriel above Gabrovo for him (Kako pride kь carьstvu mi čьstni starьcь duhovьnikь kyrь Daniil…Mihaila i Gabrila više Gabrova, i prinese mi zapisanie gospodina….roditelě mi kesara, i viděhь pročtohь čto jestь zapisalь i….kesarь Voihna, i ini hristoljubivi crьkvi onoizi ljud…..zemle: bystь hotěnije carьstvu mi kudě godě mu se što nahodi……hru….ljud…..vinogradь, perivolja, ili i mlinь, ima hotěnije carьstvo mi kako da je……vь věkomь, i da jestь pace svobodna, nikiimь nepotьknovlenno….). Ioannes Unklesis donated in April 1369 the village Neōhorь on the plain of Mavrovo with all boundaries and rights to the Monastery of Kutlumus. The monastery obtained all estates, which were in possession of Theōdorь Ōduevikь. The community of monks on the Mount Athos received also pronoia helders with people, land parcels and fruit trees, which were in some way dependent upon Kalabaris (Kalavar) (selo u poli Mavrovьskom imenem Neōhorь sь vsemi megami i s pravinami sela togai, sь vsemь što e drьžalь Theōdorь Ōduevikь pri carstvě mi, i pri Kalavari proniari što su drьžali ili ljudi ili vokie sь vsem periorom sela). At the instance of the monk Theodosios and his confreres from the Monastery Batopedi Ioannes Unklesis pledged to grant in November 1369 120 hyperpyra per annum, extracted from the revenues of the lake of Porou, to the monastery. The Serbian Despot Ioannes Unklesis gave between 1369 and 1371 the selište located between the village Akroterion (Akrotirion) and the river Plumiska as a tax-free property to the Monastery of Batopedi with all rights. The selište was a possession of Lanzo (probably Lantzaretos), who lived at the time as Kalabaris or was bonded by a certain contract with Kalabaris (i darova crtvo mi ōbitěli prstie Bce Vatopedu selište megju Akrotiro, i megju Plumsko šte e drьžalь Lanzo pri Kalavari sь vsemi megjami i pravinami sela toga). The Protaton on Mount Athos gathered in December 1370 at the behest of the Serbian Despot Ioannes Unklesis ruled the dispute over the village of Mpresnitza in favour of the Hilandar Monastery. He endowed in 1370/1371 the Hilandar Monastery with the village Akroterion (Akrotirion) and the katun of Vlachs Zarvince. He gave also pastures and hunting grounds in the vicinity of the village Akroterion and the katun of Vlachs Zarvince to the monastery (I priložihь na jezěre, u prěděle rědinьskōmь, selo Akrotirь i s pašišti i sь lovišti i sь v’sěmi megjami i pravinami sela toga. I selo katunь vlahь imenemь Zar’vin’ce sь v’sěmi pašišti i megjami i pravinami sela togo). Ioannes Unklesis donated in or before 1371 a vineyard and a farmland in the place called Koremistes to the monastery complex Theotokos Kataphygion near Melnik (ἕτερον ἀμπέλιον καὶ ζευγηλατεῖον, εὑρισκόμενα περὶ τὸν τόπον τῆς Κορεμίστης, ἅπερ ἔδωκεν ὁ εὐτυχέστατος δεσπότης Σερβίας ὁ Οὔγκλεσης). In January 1371 Sabas, the Protos at the Mount Athos, granted the small monastery of Makrou to Ioannes Unklesis. In April 1371 Ioannes Unklesis donated the fishpond of Saint Theodore in the lake of Porou with all its possessions and rights, including the fishing privileges in the lagoon, to the Batopedi Monastery. Ioannes Unklesis established the contact with Constantinople in 1367/1368 in order to reconcile with the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople and to overcome the schism. He therefore received Theophanes, the Metropolitan of Nikaia and at the same time emissary of the patriarch of Constantiople, at his residence. He send im March 1368 a letter to the Patriarchate of Constantinople, which has been preserved in the Register of the Patriarchate of Constantinople. Ioannes Unklesis proposed in the letter that the metropolises in the territory of his realm, among them the Metropolises of Drama, Christupolis, Serres and Zichna should respect the authority of the Ecumenical Patriarchate. Philotheos Kokkinos, the Patriarch of Constantinople, and the Ecumenil synod issued a charter in May 1371, where they officialy proclaimed the Union with the eparchies under the control of Ioannes Unklesis. Philotheos Kokkinos describes him as ὁ εὐτυχέστατος δεσπότης Σερβίας, κῦρις Ἰωάννης ὁ Οὔγκλεσης, τοῦ πλέον τοῖς ἡμετέροις μέρεσιν ἐγγίζοντος τόπου κύριος καταστὰς, ἄνθρωπος ὑπάρχων φρόνιμος καὶ καλὸς καὶ τρόπου καὶ συνειδήσεως ἀγαθῆς καὶ τὸν τοῦ θεοῦ φόβον κεκτημένος, ἠθέλησεν ἐπανασώσασθαι τὰς ἐκκλησίας ταύτας τῇ ἰδίᾳ μετρὶ καὶ κεφαλῇ τῶν ἐκκλησιῶν. Demetrios Blukasinos and his brother Ioannes Unklesis commanded the Serbian forces, which fought against the Ottoman army commanded by the Beglerbeg Lala Şahin Pasha and Evrenos near the village Černomen on 26th September 1371. His name is attested in the brebion (memorial book), which has been preserved at Protaton in Karyes on Mount Athos (Protaton 340 [113], 1v: Ἔτι δεόμεθα ὑπὲρ μακαρίας μνήμης καὶ ἀφέσεως τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν τῶν ἀειμνήστων δούλων τοῦ Θεοῦ Δημητρίου κράλη καὶ Ἰωάννου δεσπότου καὶ τῶν σὺν αὐτοῖς ἀναιρεθέντων ὀρθοδόξων χριστιανῶν).
Vasilь (1)	Person	Mentioned in the first (1334/1336), second and third charter (1343/1345) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. The sources denote him as a kirь. He had a son. His son sold a 20 kьbьl large field in Bělevo to the Treskavec Monastery (Niva na Bělevě k. mь kьblomь ōtь kïrь Vasileva syna). He bought a 100 kьbьl large land together with kirь Dimit(a)rь and kirь Vasilь near the village Dupijačanje, which was called megligorevskoe nivie. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan donated the bought fields of kirь Vasilь to the Treskavec Monastery (Selo Dupijačanje sь ljudmi i sь nivijemь i sь vinogrady i sь kupenicami ōtь kirь Dimitra i ōtь kirь Jaka i ōtь kirь Vasilě, megligorevskoe nivie, kьblomь .r.; kupenica ōtь kirь Jaka kьblomь .o.). The boundary of his property is attested in the delimitation of the village Dupijačanje (Selo Dupijačani podь monastïremь s vinogradi, s niviemь, s mlini, sь vsьěmi pravinami; i ovomu selu megje: prěslopь, selište Kostěnče, drumom u Bělevo ōt vo...ïčke uz rěku do crьkvna mlina, do megje dušničke putemь ōbьemljušte Sorunь sь selištemь Arbanasi do Maloradi, ta na Daubnicu, opirajušte u kirь Vasilevo, podь Šutulь) and the bought estate of Hegumen Kalinïkь (Kupenica što kupi igumnь Kalinïkь: hrastь podь Dupьjačani, načьnь ōtь puti podь Radimanovu voděnicu, putemь podь Gorkь do kïr Vasileve megje, i ōtьtudě slazešte na putь dušьnički koi grede u Mramorane, putemь uz brьdo Gligorovcemь do voděnice Radimanove, gde i počelo). He held a manor called Bělevьska near Gorkь with a field, watermill and vineyards. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan bestowed it to the Treskavec Monastery (Stasь Bělevьska z Gorku, sь vinogradi i sь nivijemь i sь vodeničijemь i sь vьseju oblastiju i pravinami, što ihь drьžalь kirь Vasilь). He sold a field in Bělevo to the Treskavec Monastery. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan confirmed the transaction in the third charter for the Treskavec Monastery (Niva na Bělevě kupenica ōtь kïr Vasilija; mege ōtь puti Vukova Dola u Eleněšce i do Mramora, i uz rěku do crьkvne voděnice, i pak do puti). He owned a patrimonial estate in the village Eleněžьci. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš III Dečanski donated the village Eleněžьci to the Treskavec Monastery. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan confirmed the donation of his father and endowed the Treskavec Monastery also with the patrimonial properties of Murtinь, Gorgičь and kïrь Vasilь (Selo Eleněšci što priloži gospodinь kralь i potvrьdi kralevьstvo mi, i u nimь baština Murtina i Gōrgičeva i kïrь Vasileva sь vsěmi pravinami).
Vatač(ev)	Person	Mentioned in the second charter of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. His watermill is mentioned in the boundary description of the settlement site Bučinь, which was donated by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan to the Treskavec Monastery (Selište Bučinь sь nivijemь, sь brьdomь, sь voděnicijem, zaselьkomь, sь Dolěny i sь Taroniněvěmь dělomь i Zigoevěmь dělomь i Spanьdunevěmь dělomь, a tomu megě do Vatačevu voděnicu i do ... iguri luku i do prěsilьsku megju).
Zigo(ev)	Person	Mentioned in the second charter of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. His part of land is mentioned in the boundary description of the settlement site Bučinь, which was donated by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan to the Treskavec Monastery (Selište Bučinь sь nivijemь, sь brьdomь, sь voděnicijem, zaselьkomь, sь Dolěny i sь Taroniněvěmь dělomь i Zigoevěmь dělomь i Spanьdunevěmь dělomь, a tomu megě do Vatačevu voděnicu i do ... iguri luku i do prěsilьsku megju).
Ïsaakь (Jakь)	Person	Mentioned in the first charter (1334/1336) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. The charter refers to him as kirь. He bought a 100 kьbьl large land together with kirь Dimit(a)rь and kirь Vasilь near the village Dupijačanje, which was called megligorevskoe nivie. He acquired a 70 kьbьl large estate probably also near the village Dupijačanje. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan donated the possessions of kirь Ïsaakь (Jakь) to the Treskavec Monastery (Selo Dupijačanje sь ljudmi i sь nivijemь i sь vinogrady i sь kupenicami ōtь kirь Dimitra i ōtь kirь Jaka i ōtь kirь Vasilě, megligorevskoe nivie, kьblomь .r.; kupenica ōtь kirь Jaka kьblomь .o.).
Čemer(ev)	Person	Mentioned in the first (1334/1336), second and third charter (1343/1345) of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. He possessed a manor near Bohorino. The Treskavec Monastery held according to the second and third charter of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan the manor of Čemer(ev) with courtyard, people, four zevgaria of land, two watermills, vineyards, garden and meadow (I stasь u Bohorině Čemereva sь dvorištem, sь ljudmi, i zemlja d. mь zevgaremь, i voděnici v., s vinogrady, sь perivolemь, sь livadu).
Črьnota	Person	Mentioned in the second charter of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. He held a manor in Bělovo. The watermill on his estate was in the possession of Gorьgičь. The watermill was given by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan to the Treskavec Monastery (Voděnica vь Bělevě Gorьgičiva na Črьnotině stasi, i druga voděnica kupena ōdь Murtiněhь polovinu).
Ōpsikijanь	Person	Mentioned in the second charter of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. He donated several fields in Bělevo, which were 200 kьbьl large, to the Treskavec Monastery. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan confirmed his gift and endowed the Treskavec Monastery also with the watermill on the river Bělevštica (Nivije u Bělevě, što pridade Ōpsikijanь, kьbьlomь s. i voděnica na Bělevštici).

Places (3)

Name	Class	Description
Pelagonia, Monastery of the Holy Apostles	Place	The Abbot of the Monastery of the Holy Apostles in Pelagonia, Monk Methodius is mentioned in Act 79 of the Corpus of the Ponemata diaphora of Demetrios Chomatenos, Archbishop of Ohrid (approx. 1216–1236).
Prilep, Lower Town, remains of the “Church of Saint George”	Place	A larger number of fresco fragments in the northwestern part of the Lower Town of Prilep (Varoš) have been identified as the Church of St. George, mentioned in the First Charter (Treskavac 1) of Serbian King Dušan (1331-1355) to the Treskavac Monastery (1334-1336). Dating: the middle of the 13th century
Prilep, Monastery of Treskavac	Place	Description The monastery of the Holy Virgin known as Treskavac is located at a ten-kilometre distance from Prilep, below a rocky mountain peak. The oldest part of its katholikon, dedicated to the Dormition of the Holy Mother of God, dates back to the end of the twelfth century or the first half of the thirteenth century, whereas considerable construction works in the same church were carried out during the reign of Andronikos II and several decades later, between 1330 and 1350. The katholikon of the Treskavac Monastery is a complex architectural ensemble. The appearance of the church is the result of numerous constructions, alterations, demolitions, and renovations over the centuries. The spatial plan and structure of the church consist of several architectural units: the main church (altar and naos) with a narthex. Along the southern side of the church, the southern nave extends the entire length, while on the northern side, there is a northern side chapel, and on the western side, a two-domed narthex is situated. To this layout of the church, two additional spatial units are added - a southeast chapel and an enclosed porch encompassing the western and southern sides of the church complex. Architecture First phase of construction: The oldest building in the present church complex is the main church with a narthex. It has a compact inscribed cross plan, topped by a dome. Parallels: Church of St. Archangel Michael in Prilep Dating: the end of the 12th century or during the first half of the 13th century Comment: The basis for dating consists of the typological characteristics of architecture and the results of archaeological research. In 1959, six graves were discovered on the southern side of the church, more precisely beneath the foundation of the later-built southern nave and in the southern part of the subsequently constructed porch. These graves date back to the period from the 10th to the 12th century, at the latest until the middle of the 13th century. Second phase of construction: The second phase includes the construction of an elongated and narrow nave along the southern side and an exonarthex on the western side of the church. A distinct feature of this two-sided annex is the dome raised at the intersection of the southern and western naves. The construction of a two-aisled ambulatory nave adjacent to the Treskavac church belongs to the architectural corpus of the Palaiologan era, characterized by intense additions of side chapels, naves, and other annexes to older church building. The façade design also reflects tendencies of late Byzantine architecture towards intricate decoration, resulting in a departure from the principles of form and structure harmony. The technique of using stone and brick in construction is not entirely regular and constitutes a combination of opus listatum and opus cloisonné. The façade decoration consists solely of ceramic plastic ornamentation limited to the tympanum area of the upper row of blind niches (motifs of a chessboard pattern, fishbone, interlace). Parallels: Saint John Kaneo in Ohrid Dating: The last two decades of the 13th century to the first two decades of the 14th century Third phase of construction: the addition of the northern annex, consisting of two chambers - a single-nave chapel on the eastern side and a square bay with a dome on the western side. Dating: between the second decade of the 14th century and 1334-1343. Fourth phase of construction: the construction of the southeastern side chapel adjacent to the southern nave; during this time or later, an open porch on the southern side was also erected. Dating: the middle of the 14th century Reconstruction/Renovation: First Renovation: the upper structure of the main church. Dating: 1480-1490. Second Renovation: the renovation of the sanctuary of the main church, the southern nave, and the southeastern side chapel. Dating: 16th century Third Renovation: renovation of the narthex. Dating: 19th century Painted Decoration: First fresco layer: has not been preserved. Second fresco layer: three frescoes in the vestibule of the main entrance to the monastery, formed on the ground floor of the bell tower constructed to the west of the Church of the Dormition of the Virgin. The frescoes were created in 1898, but there is a strong basis for the claim that they replicate the painting program depicted in the same location at the end of the 13th or the beginning of the 14th century. 1. Theotokos in the center, crowning the Byzantine emperors Andronikos II Palaiologos and Michael IX , 2. remains of the founder's composition: a part of the head of a female figure with a halo, facing to the right, and next to her, the so-called model of the church. This is a representation of the Theotokos, and the model undoubtedly was held by the ktitor (founder), whose figure, now completely destroyed, was located opposite the figure of the Mother of God. The destroyed fresco probably depicted the Byzantine military commander Michael Glabas Tarchaneiotes, 3. the figure of archangel Michael Dating: between 1294 and 1316. Third fresco layer: frescoes in the exonarthex and the northern dome of the exonarthex; remnants of a royal portrait of King Dušan (repainted) on the eastern wall of the central part of the exonarthex. Dating: 1334-1343 Fourth fresco layer: Portrait of the patron of the parekklesion (southeastern side chapel), Tepčija Gradislav, on the western wall of the parekklesion. Dating: the middle of the 14th century Fifth fresco layer: frescoes in the naos. Dating: 1480-1490 Sixth fresco layer: frescoes in the sanctuary Dating: 1570 Seventh fresco layer: Dating: 1847-1849