Properties
| ID | 15162 |
|---|---|
| System Class | Bibliography |
| Bibliography | Article |
| Case Study | Byzantino-Serbian Border Zones in Transition (1282–1355) , Historical Region of Macedonia TIB 16 |
Description
Mirjana Gligorijević, Slikarstvo tepčije Gradislava u manastiru Treskavcu, in: Zograf. Časopis za srednjovekovnu umetnost 5 (1974) 48-51.
Relations
Actors (1)
| Name | Class | Begin | End | Relation Type | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gradislavь (1) | Person | Mentioned in the sources from 1333 to 1379/1380. He was the son of Boril (Gradislauo Borilli). Vojvoda Gradislav (or vexillifer Gradislau, son of Boril in the Latin version of the document) signed along with the Metropolitan of Prizren Arsenije, Kaznac Baldovin, Župan Vratko, Knez Grgur Kurjaković, Stavilac Miloš, Vojvoda Dejan Manjak, Gradislav Sušenica, Nikola Buća, and Archdeacon Marin Baranić in Polog the charter issed by Stefan Uroš IV Dušan from the 22. January 1333 regarding the sale of Ston to the city of Dubrovnik (A tu imь milostь učini kraljevstvo mi u Polozie vь lětoь 6833 měseca ženvara 2 i 2 danь. A tui běhu: sveōsvešni jepiskupь prizrěnski Arsenie, kaznacь Balьdovinь, voevoda Gradisavь, županь Vratkō, knezь Grьgurь Kurjakovićь, stavilacь Miloš, vo(e)voda Deganь Manijaakь, Gradisavь Sušenica, Nikola Bučga, arhidjak Marinь Baraninь/ Actum est hoc datum in Pollogo, presentibus uenerabili patris, domino Arsenio, episcopo Prisirenensis, ac nobilibus viris, casneçio Baldouino, Gradislauo Borilli, uexillifero, çuppano Vratcho, comitate Gregorio Curiaçi, staluileçio Milosio Voyni, uoieuoda Deiano Maniiacho, stauileçio Gradislauo Suseniçe, Nicolao Buchia, archidiacono Antibarensis et Marino Miroslai Antibarensis, et aliis quam pluribus currente anno Domini, millesimo, trecentessimo tercio decimo tercio, mensis Januari uigessimo secundio die, indictione prima). Gradislav bearing the title of tepčija donated the settlement site Běla Vodica with all rights to the Monastery of Treskavec. This donation was confirmed by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan in the second charter for the Monastery in Treskavec (Selište Běla Vodica sь vsěmi pravinami, što priloži tepci Gradislavь). Gradislav figures again in the charter of Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of the Holy Archangels in Prizren issued probably in August 1347. As tepčija he confirmed the boundary mark of the land Trstena during the reign of the Stefan Uroš III Dečanski (i sь zemlomь na Trьstěnoi što si jestь drьžalь u roditelь carьstva mi, i što mu je utesalь tepʼči Gradislav i igumьnь carьstva mi). In 1352 the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan sent to the Byzantine Emperor John V Palaiologos an auxiliary cavalry force under the command of Borilović, who was in charge of the office of kaznac. They fought together against John VI Kantakuzenos and the horsemen of Orhan I in the battle of Didymoteichon. According to Kantakuzenos almost all 7,000 Serbs fell at the battle and the kaznac could escape only with a small number of troops (γενομένου δὲ ἐκεῖ τοῦ βασιλέως ἀδελφοῦ, ἡ στρατιὰ ἐξεπέμφθη παρασκευασθεῖσα ἑπτακισχίλιοι ἱππεῖς, ὧν ἐστρατήγει Κασνιτζὸς ὁ Μποριλοβίκης προσαγορευόμενος, ἐκ τῶν ἐπιφανεστάτων μάλιστα ὢν τῶν παρὰ Τριβαλοῖς… Κασνιτζὸς δὲ ὁ στρατηγὸς μετά τινων εὐαριθμήτων ἠδυνήθη διαδρᾶναι, τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων τῶν μὲν πεσόντων, τῶν δ’ ἑαλωκότων). It is not clear, if Borilović is the same person as Gradislav. Naumov suggests, that Borilović was in fact his brother or close relative. He owned the village Jelašnica. The Serbian Despot Lazar donated in 1379/1380 the village Jelašnica, which belonged previously to Gradislav, with church, boundaries, hamlets and all right to the Hilandar Monastery. The Serbian Patriarch Spiridon confirmed in 1380 the wording of the deed of Lazar (selo Elʼšanica Gradisava tepčije i sь crьkviju i s megami i zaselci, s pravinami sela togo). Gradislav was probably buried in the Treskavec monastery. This was proposed by Gligorijević on the grounds of an inscription under the ktetor composition of a man carrying a church model and his wife preserved on the western facade of the parekklesion of the Treskavec monastery (τοῦ τεπέτζηα καὶ κτήτορος τοῦδε τοῦ ναοῦ). On the sheet 436 of the pomenik of the Church of the Holy Virgin Ljeviška in Prizren, the pomen of Peter kaznac Gradislav is mentioned. It might be suggested that Peter was the monk name of Gradislav. Highly questionable is the suggestion of Branka Ivanić, which identifies Gradislav with the bearer of the goldring in the collection of the National Museum in Belgrade. The inscription along the rim of the goldring reads namely Gradislav čelnik. |
Places (1)
| Name | Class | Begin | End | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prilep, Monastery of Treskavac | Place | Description The monastery of the Holy Virgin known as Treskavac is located at a ten-kilometre distance from Prilep, below a rocky mountain peak. The oldest part of its katholikon, dedicated to the Dormition of the Holy Mother of God, dates back to the end of the twelfth century or the first half of the thirteenth century, whereas considerable construction works in the same church were carried out during the reign of Andronikos II and several decades later, between 1330 and 1350. The katholikon of the Treskavac Monastery is a complex architectural ensemble. The appearance of the church is the result of numerous constructions, alterations, demolitions, and renovations over the centuries. The spatial plan and structure of the church consist of several architectural units: the main church (altar and naos) with a narthex. Along the southern side of the church, the southern nave extends the entire length, while on the northern side, there is a northern side chapel, and on the western side, a two-domed narthex is situated. To this layout of the church, two additional spatial units are added - a southeast chapel and an enclosed porch encompassing the western and southern sides of the church complex. Architecture First phase of construction: The oldest building in the present church complex is the main church with a narthex. It has a compact inscribed cross plan, topped by a dome. Parallels: Church of St. Archangel Michael in Prilep Dating: the end of the 12th century or during the first half of the 13th century Comment: The basis for dating consists of the typological characteristics of architecture and the results of archaeological research. In 1959, six graves were discovered on the southern side of the church, more precisely beneath the foundation of the later-built southern nave and in the southern part of the subsequently constructed porch. These graves date back to the period from the 10th to the 12th century, at the latest until the middle of the 13th century. Second phase of construction: The second phase includes the construction of an elongated and narrow nave along the southern side and an exonarthex on the western side of the church. A distinct feature of this two-sided annex is the dome raised at the intersection of the southern and western naves. The construction of a two-aisled ambulatory nave adjacent to the Treskavac church belongs to the architectural corpus of the Palaiologan era, characterized by intense additions of side chapels, naves, and other annexes to older church building. The façade design also reflects tendencies of late Byzantine architecture towards intricate decoration, resulting in a departure from the principles of form and structure harmony. The technique of using stone and brick in construction is not entirely regular and constitutes a combination of opus listatum and opus cloisonné. The façade decoration consists solely of ceramic plastic ornamentation limited to the tympanum area of the upper row of blind niches (motifs of a chessboard pattern, fishbone, interlace). Parallels: Saint John Kaneo in Ohrid Dating: The last two decades of the 13th century to the first two decades of the 14th century Third phase of construction: the addition of the northern annex, consisting of two chambers - a single-nave chapel on the eastern side and a square bay with a dome on the western side. Dating: between the second decade of the 14th century and 1334-1343. Fourth phase of construction: the construction of the southeastern side chapel adjacent to the southern nave; during this time or later, an open porch on the southern side was also erected. Dating: the middle of the 14th century Reconstruction/Renovation: First Renovation: the upper structure of the main church. Dating: 1480-1490. Second Renovation: the renovation of the sanctuary of the main church, the southern nave, and the southeastern side chapel. Dating: 16th century Third Renovation: renovation of the narthex. Dating: 19th century Painted Decoration: First fresco layer: has not been preserved. Second fresco layer: three frescoes in the vestibule of the main entrance to the monastery, formed on the ground floor of the bell tower constructed to the west of the Church of the Dormition of the Virgin. The frescoes were created in 1898, but there is a strong basis for the claim that they replicate the painting program depicted in the same location at the end of the 13th or the beginning of the 14th century. 1. Theotokos in the center, crowning the Byzantine emperors Andronikos II Palaiologos and Michael IX , 2. remains of the founder's composition: a part of the head of a female figure with a halo, facing to the right, and next to her, the so-called model of the church. This is a representation of the Theotokos, and the model undoubtedly was held by the ktitor (founder), whose figure, now completely destroyed, was located opposite the figure of the Mother of God. The destroyed fresco probably depicted the Byzantine military commander Michael Glabas Tarchaneiotes, 3. the figure of archangel Michael Dating: between 1294 and 1316. Third fresco layer: frescoes in the exonarthex and the northern dome of the exonarthex; remnants of a royal portrait of King Dušan (repainted) on the eastern wall of the central part of the exonarthex. Dating: 1334-1343 Fourth fresco layer: Portrait of the patron of the parekklesion (southeastern side chapel), Tepčija Gradislav, on the western wall of the parekklesion. Dating: the middle of the 14th century Fifth fresco layer: frescoes in the naos. Dating: 1480-1490 Sixth fresco layer: frescoes in the sanctuary Dating: 1570 Seventh fresco layer: Dating: 1847-1849 |