Properties
| ID | 5728 |
|---|---|
| System Class | Bibliography |
| Bibliography | Article |
| Case Study | Byzantino-Serbian Border Zones in Transition (1282–1355) , Historical Region of Macedonia TIB 16 |
Description
Mihailo St. Popović, Die Topographie der mittelalterlichen Stadt Skopje zwischen Byzantinischem und Serbischem Reich (13.-14. Jh.), in: Initial, A Review of Medieval Studies 3 (2015) 35-55.
Relations
Actors (11)
| Name | Class | Begin | End | Relation Type | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apokavkos | Person | Mentioned in the chrysobull charter of the Byzantine Emperor Michael IX Palaiologos from 1299/1300 for the Monastery of Saint Niketas near Skopje, in the Serbian translation of the chrysobull charter of the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos for the Tower of Hrusija of the Monastery of Chilandar on the Holy Mount Athos from 1299/1300 (or 1308) and in the chrysobull charter from 1300 issued by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin for the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje. He was the owner of a place near Dol'neje Kuč'kovo before 1299, which was then named after him (καὶ ἕτερον τόπον ἐπονομαζόμενον τοῦ Ἀποκαύκου, διήκοντα μέχρι τοῦ ἐκεῖσε ἱσταμένου τιμίου σταυροῦ/I drugoje město narečenoje Apokavkovo, ōpirajušti do krьsta). He founded a church of Saint George. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin donated the church of Saint George, 60 ruined houses around the church and the courtyard of Apokavkos to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje (I prida kraljevstvo mi Apokavʼkovu crьkьvь Svetago Geōrgija i ōkolo njega ks. kukjamь rьpiniie ōdь Careva druma koi grede ōd Serave kь Svetoi Trojeručnici us put koi ide kь Ōbloi pirʼzě, do puta koi ide pod Mōshemь, koi grede Kuklevi i do Golьka. I ōšte dvorь Apokavʼkovь ōd Paskalja do Holevata KE. lakьtь Svetago Nikoli, i ōd Careva puti koi grede kь Ōbloi pirʼzě dolu do grada, do Kapicalja). | |||
| Borišica | Person | Mentioned in the chrysobull charter of the Byzantine Emperor Michael IX Palaiologos from 1299/1300 for the Monastery of Saint Niketas near Skopje and in the Serbian translation of the chrysobull charter of the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos for the Tower of Hrusija of the Monastery of Chilandar on the Holy Mount Athos from 1299/1300 (or 1308). She was a landowner in Dobri Dolь before 1299 (ἀλλὰ δὴ καὶ τόπον καλούμενον Τομπρόδολον διήκοντα μέχρι τῆς Ῥαδούσης μετὰ τῶν ἐν αὐτῶ χωραφίων τῶν καὶ ποσουμένων εἰς πεντήκοντα στρέμματα, ἅπερ εἶχεν ἐξ ἀγορασίας ἡ Βορισίνα ἐκείνη/I drugo město Dobri Dolь: ōpirajetь do Raduše, s nivijemь ježe 50 vretenь, eže jestь kupila Borišica) and presumably founder of the Church of the Holy Mother of God in Skopje. The Byzantine Emperor Michael IX Palaiologos gave the church with the people, fields and vineyards to the Monastery of Saint Niketas near Skopje (ἐν ὧ δὴ καὶ προσεκύρωσε μονύδριον διακείμενον μὲν καὶ τοῦτο περὶ τὸν αὐτὸν τόπον τῶν Σκοπίων, εἰς ὄνομα δὲ τιμώμενον τῆς πανυπεράγνου Θεομήτορος καὶ οὕτω πως ἐπιλεγόμενονν τῆ̣ς̣ Β̣ορισίνης, μετὰ τῶν ἐν αὐτῶ προσκαθημένων ἀνθρώπων καὶ τῶν εὐρισκομένων ἀμπελίων καὶ χωραφίων). The Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos donated the churc, the people on it with the fields and vineyards to the Tower of Hrusija of the Monastery of Chilandar on the Holy Mount Athos (U tomь Skopii drugaja crьkvi na ime Svetije Bogorodice, Borišičina, s ljudmi čto se ōbrětaju podь nomь i sь nivami i sь vinogradi). | |||
| Bulkos | Person | He was born around 1345. He died on the 6th October 1397 in the Ottoman prison. His body was transferred by his brother Nikolaos Radochnas (Monk Gerasim) to the Mount Athos. He appears as a gospodinь in the slavic sources and as a dominus in the latin sources. He administered the region of Kastoria and Ōhrid according the Byzantine historians Ducas and Laonikos Chalkokondyles (ἐπὶ δὲ τῇ ἑτέρᾳ Βοῦλκον τὸν τοῦ Πράγκου τοῦ Μλαδένεω υἱόν, Καστορίας τε καὶ Ὀχρίδος τῆς ἐν Μακεδονίᾳ ἡγεμόνος; καὶ τὴν ἄλλην τὴν εἶχε δοσμένη τοῦ ἀφεντὸς τοῦ Μπούλκου ὁποὺ ὥριζε τὴν Καστορία καὶ τὴν Ὄχριδα). Laonikos Chalkokondyles calls him wrongly Ἐλεάζαρος and relates about the lands by the Danube as his dwelling place (τὰ μέντοι περὶ τὸν Ἴστρον Βούλκῳ τῷ Ἐλεαζάρῳ τοῦ Πράγκου ἐπέτρεψε). He controlled the larger part of today’s Kosovo. His dominion reached the eastern parts of Raška, the Polimlje in Montenegro and since 1376/1377 Skopje in the east. After the death of Đurađ I Balšić (13th January 1378) he seized the town of Prizren, Peć and the area of Metohija. He minted his own coins and issued charters. He was the son of Prankos Mladenes (ja Grьgurь i bratь mi Vlьkь, synove velikago sevastokratora Bran’ka gospodina že gradu Ohridu). He had two brothers (Nikolaos Radochnas, Grьgurь) and a sister (Theodora). He was married Mara, the daughter of the Serbian Prince Lazar Hrebeljanović, since 1371. They had together three sons (Georgios Bulkos [Đurađ Branković] - ἦν γὰρ Γεώργιος, υἱὸς Βούλκου καὶ γαμβρὸς Λαζάρου, Prankos Bunko [Lazar Branković], Grьgurь [† 1408]). He and his brother Grьgurь gave Nikolaos Radochnas in 1365 the permission to donate the patrimonial church of Saint Archangel with three villages Trstenik, Bežanići, Tušilo and the selište Hudine to the Hilandar Monastery. He added between 1372 and 1396 the villages Banica, Vrьbovьcь, Štučince, Mučivarě near Trьstenik to the endowment of his brother for the Hilandar Monastery (Po sem’ že jaa blagočьsitivi Vlьkь, synь velikago sevastokratora Branьka raspaljaemь božьstvnyim želanïem velikuju věru i ljubovь iměje kь svetěi matery Hrista moego, priložihь domu ei čьstiomu monastiru bišerečen’nye lavry Hilandaru sela priležeštaa Trьsteniku: Banicu, Vrьbovьcь, Štučince, Mučivarě, sь vsěmi megjami i pravinami i sь ōttěsy selь těhь). He was a benefactor of the Kutlumus Monastery on the Mount Athos since 1370. He granted between 1376 and 1377 at the request of the Monk Gerasim, his brother, the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje with all possessions to the Hilandar Monastery (Azь, rabь Hristu Vlьkь, vьspominaju vь sьvědenije vsemь, kako pride brat mi Gerasimь poslanijemь monastirьskimь Svetije Gori Athōna, Svetije Bogorodice Hilandarьskije igumnōmь i vsega sьbora hilandarьskoga, i prosiše mi keliju u Skopju, ponježe ne imahu priběžišta ni kelije u Skopiju. I videvь nihь usrьdije i prošenije, i dah monastirь Svetago Geōrьgija s metohōmь i sь seli i sь vsemi pravinami gde se nahodi metohь Svetago Geōrgija ili u gradu ili na dvoru što jestь Svetago Geōrgija, vse priložihь Hilandaru). He is mentioned as a addressee of the embassy sent by the Ragusan republic in 1380 regarding the release of two citizens of Dubrovnik. He confirmed on the 20th January 1387 the privileges and rights of the Ragusan republic concerning the representation of the citizens of town Dubrovnik in the court assembly. He asked in August 1388 the representatives of the Ragusan republic to clear the old debt and to pay the new Tribute of Ston to the Monks in Jerusalem. He participated in the battle of Kosovo along with his father-in-law Lazar and the Bosnian King Tvrtko I. in 1389. The folk epic poetry portrays him in a bad light as a traitor. The fact is that he withdrew his troops from the battlefield. Between 1389 and 1396 he confirmed the privileges of the Ragusan republic. The Ottomans captured in 1391/1392 Skopje. Bulkos was forced by them to become their vassal. He exempted the Hilandar Monastery from paying the tax to the Ottomans on 21th November 1392. The Venetian republic granted him on 9th April 1394 the citizenship. His Čelnik Smilь deposited gold and silver for Bulkos at Dubrovnik in January 1395. He was captured and imprisoned by the Ottomans not long after the battle of Nicopolis. He is portrayed on the western facade of the chapel of Saint George in the Church of the Holy Mother of God Peribleptos at Ōhrid. There is an inscription next to his image (VELIK...GNБ VLБKБ SNБ SEVASTOKRATORA BRANKA). He commisioned a slavic translation of the chronicle of Georgios Monachos (Hamartolos) in 1387 (Pisa se povelěnyjemь gospodina Vlьka). | |||
| Devterěv Dimitr | Person | Mentioned in the chrysobull charter from 1300 issued by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin for the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje. He was a priest. His son Nikola sold the building grounds in Skopje to the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin for 200 perper. Milutin erected the new residence for the Monastery of Saint Georg-Gorg near Skopje there (I kupi kraljevstvo mi u gradu Skopi, vьnutrь grada ōt Nikole, syna popa Dimitra Devterěva, rьpinije za cěnu S. perperь, i tu sьzdahь polatu i dvorь Svetomu Geōrgiju). | |||
| Holevat | Person | Mentioned in the chrysobull charter from 1300 issued by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin for the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje. He possessed a property near the residence of Apokavk in lower town of Skopje. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin donated the courtyard of Apokavk to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje (I ōšte dvorь Apokavʼkovь ōd Paskalja do Holevata KE. lakьtь Svetago Nikoli, i ōd Careva puti koi grede kь Ōbloi pirʼzě dolu do grada, do Kapicalja). | |||
| Ksenofontь | Person | Mentioned in the chrysobull charter from 1300 issued by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin for the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje. He was a monk. He donated a palace and the church of the Holy Mother of God in Skopje near the “Big gate” to the Monastery of Saint Georg-Gorg near Skopje. He endowed the monastery also with mills, field and vineyards The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin confirmed the act in the chrysobull charter from 1300 for the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje (Vьnutrь grada Skopija, pri vratěh Velikyhь polata i crьkvь Svetaa Bogorodica, eže jestь pridalь monahь Ksenofontь, sь mlini, s nivijemь, s vinogradi). | |||
| Nikola (1) | Person | Identical with Nikola 2? Mentioned in the chrysobull charter from 1300 issued by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin for the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje. He sold his building grounds in Skopje to the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin for 200 perper. Milutin erected the new residence for the Monastery of Saint Georg-Gorg near Skopje there (I kupi kraljevstvo mi u gradu Skopi, vьnutrь grada ōt Nikole, syna popa Dimitra Devterěva, rьpinije za cěnu S. perperь, i tu sьzdahь polatu i dvorь Svetomu Geōrgiju). | |||
| Paskal | Person | Mentioned in the chrysobull charter from 1300 issued by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin for the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje. He possessed a property near the residence of Apokavk in lower town of Skopje. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin donated the courtyard of Apokavk to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje (I ōšte dvorь Apokavʼkovь ōd Paskalja do Holevata KE. lakьtь Svetago Nikoli, i ōd Careva puti koi grede kь Ōbloi pirʼzě dolu do grada, do Kapicalja). He was also the owner of a possession in the vicinity of a 80 pogon field in Dobri dolь, which was donated to Monastery of Saint Georg-Gorg near Skopje by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (Niva u Dobrom dolě do Paskalě i do Ušu us putь koi grede u Popuždu uz Dobri dolь P. pogonь). | |||
| Skopiōtь | Person | Mentioned in the chrysobull charter from 1300 issued by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin for the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje. He possessed a property near the residence in Skopje, which was given to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (Dvorь vьnutrь grada skopʼskoga blizь skopiōta i do Moskija, i do puta careva). | |||
| Vlьkas | Person | Mentioned in the chrysobull charter from 1300 issued by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin for the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje. He owned a property near the watermill called Gerasimica, which was in the possession of the Monastery of Saint Georg-Gorg near Skopje (Voděnica Svetago Geōrgija Gerasimica a više nje niva uz rěke Serave do popa Baja i do Vlьkasa, i ōt popa Baja do voděnice; tako i ōd města mu što je ōkolo voděnice vse polovina). He held also a land near the Church of Saint Petka and the Bogorodica Trojeručnica (A više nje niva druga ōt puti do piskupa i do Svetago Athansija, a u njei banja, ta do Vlьkasa i do Svete Petke i do Svete Trojeručice). | |||
| Ōbezoglav | Person | Died before 1300. Mentioned in the chrysobull charter from 1300 issued by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin for the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje. He had a family. His family donated their field near Krušica to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje. They also granted a garden near the rivers Serava, which reached as far as the Church of Saint Nikola, to the same monastery (I na Seravě vrьtь daše Ōbezoglavčevi prěma Svetimь Nikojemь pogonь města). Both acts were confirmed in the chrysobull charter for the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin. |
Places (15)
| Name | Class | Begin | End | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Skopje | Place | The Bulgarian Tsar Constantine I Asen mentioned the town of Skopje in his donation of goods to the Monastery of St. George-Gorg (na brъdě Vir'gině prěmo Skopii grad(a) nadь Serěvǫ, vь grad(ě) Skopьskomъ). The Byzantine Co-Emperor Michael IX Palaiologos mentioned the town of Skopje in his donation to the monastery of Saint Nikita in the years 1299/1300 (πλησίον [τῶν Σκοπίων]). In 1299/1300 or 1308 a Serbian version of a charter by Andronikos II Palaiologos - at the instigation of the Serbian king Stefan Uroš II Milutin - confirmed the donations made by Michael IX (ō priloženi ježe vь Skopi ). In both charters the Upper Town of Skopje is also mentioned (kь gradu Skopьskomu/ἀπὸ τοῦ κάστρου τῶν Σκοπίων). The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin confirmed the donations by Tsar Constantine I Asen and added new properties to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg (svetago i velikago mučenika Hristova Gjeōrgiïa prěmo Skopiju gradu na Seravě na brьdě rekoměmь Verьginь). On 1 January 1345 the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan issued a charter in Skopje concerning the Tower of Hrusija on the Holy Mount Athos. In the period from April until August 1346 King Stefan Dušan enacted a series of charters in Skopje for several monasteries on the Holy Mount Athos, for Georgios Phokopoulos and for Dubrovnik. In the year 1346/47 the same King mentioned the town of Skopje in the foundation charter of the episcopal see in Zletovo (такодже и подвигосмо всечьстнѹю Скопию), which he most probably issued in Skopje itself. On 21 May 1349 Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan issued a charter for the anagnost Dragoje in Skopje. In the years 1354/55 the same Emperor enacted a charter in Skopje for the Church of the Presentation of the Theotokos in Arhiljevica. Petančić mentioned it in 1522 as Scopia. | ||
| Skopje, Local Road | Place | The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) confirmed and donated landed property to the Monastery of St. George-Gorg in and near Skopje in the year 1300. In his charter he is also mentioning the Lower Town of Skopje with its buildings, amongst others a local road, which ran to the Round Tower of the Upper Town (ѡдь царева дрѹма кои греде ѡдь сераве кь светои троѥрѹчици ѹс пѹте кои иде кь ѡблои пирзѣ). | ||
| Skopje, Lower Town, Church of St. Marina | Place | The Church of St. Marina was donated by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin to the Monastery of St. George-Gorg in the year 1300 and was to be found to the north of the Upper Town of Skopje (и црьквь светаꙗ марина више града). | ||
| Skopje, Lower Town, Church of St. Nicholas | Place | Apart from the road leading to the Round Tower of the Upper Town of Skopje (ѹс пѹте кои иде кь ѡбло(и) пирзѣ), there existed also an Imperial Road to the same tower, on which the Church of St. Nicholas was to be found (светаго николи, (и ѡдь царе)ва пѹти кои греде кь ѡблои пирзѣ долѹ до града до капицалꙗ). This Church of St. Nicholas was donated together with its garden by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin to the Monastery of St. George-Gorg in the year 1300. The aforesaid garden lay on the river Serava and stretched towards the Church of St. Nicholas (и на серавѣ врьть (...) прѣма светимь николѥмь). Therefore, it may be assumed that the Church of St. Nicholas was located immediately to the north-west of the Church of the Mother of God of "the Three Hands" and also in the vicinity of the Church of Saint George of the Byzantine Apokaukos. | ||
| Skopje, Lower Town, Church of St. Nicholas, Garden | Place | This garden lay on the river Serava and stretched towards the Church of St. Nicholas (и на серавѣ врьть (...) прѣма светимь николѥмь) in the Lower Town of Skopje. | ||
| Skopje, Lower Town, Church of St. Petka | Place | The Church of St. Petka is mentioned by the Serbian king Stefan Uroš II Milutin in his charter for the Monastery of St. George-Gorg in the year 1300 and was to be found in the vicinity of the Church of the Mother of God of "the Three Hands" (до свете петке и до свете троѥроучице). | ||
| Skopje, Lower Town, Church of St. Prokopije | Place | The Church of St. Prokopije is mentioned by the Serbian king Stefan Uroš II Milutin in his charter for the Monastery of St. George-Gorg in the year 1300 and was most probably to be found at the bank of the river Serava on the eastern edge of the Lower Town of Skopje (ѡть пѹти светаго прокопиꙗ; ѡть црькве светаго прокопиꙗ). Its localisation was undertaken according to the context of the aforesaid charter, because watermills are mentioned in its vicinity. | ||
| Skopje, Major Road | Place | The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) confirmed and donated landed property to the Monastery of St. George-Gorg in and near Skopje in the year 1300. In his charter he is also mentioning the Lower Town of Skopje with its buildings, amongst others a major road, which ran from the river Serava to the Three-Handed Mother of God (ѡдь царева дрѹма кои греде ѡдь сераве кь светои троѥрѹчици ѹс пѹте кои иде кь ѡблои пирзѣ). | ||
| Skopje, Upper Town, Cave Church of St. George | Place | King Stefan Uroš II Milutin donated the Cave Church of St. George with a watermill and a vineyard to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg (црьквь подь градомь светы геѡргиѥ вь пещерѣ церебѹльскои). | ||
| Skopje, Upper Town, Cave Church of St. George, Vineyards | Place | The Serbian king Stefan Uroš II Milutin donated the landed property of the "Cave Church of St. George", namely vineyards, to the Monastery of St. George-Gorg near Skopje in the year 1300 (црьквь подь градомь светы геѡргиѥ вь пещерѣ церебѹльскои сь виногради, сь нивиѥмь, сь млини). The hereby given localisation is based on the following quotation from the charter: а мегꙗ ѥ е ѡть пирге коꙗ ѥ подь кѹлѹмь на рѣцѣ та долѹ до пирге водѣне такои и с рѣкомь, и горѣ до пирге поредь водѣнихь врать та низь зьдь градии кѹлѣ. | ||
| Skopje, Upper Town, Cave Church of St. George, Watermills | Place | The Serbian king Stefan Uroš II Milutin donated the landed property of the "Cave Church of St. George", namely watermills, to the Monastery of St. George-Gorg near Skopje in the year 1300 (црьквь подь градомь светы геѡргиѥ вь пещерѣ церебѹльскои сь виногради, сь нивиѥмь, сь млини). The hereby given localisation is based on the following quotation from the charter: а мегꙗ ѥ е ѡть пирге коꙗ ѥ подь кѹлѹмь на рѣцѣ та долѹ до пирге водѣне такои и с рѣкомь, и горѣ до пирге поредь водѣнихь врать та низь зьдь градии кѹлѣ. | ||
| Skopje, Upper Town, Great Gate | Place | The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin confirmed and donated landed property to the Monastery of St. George-Gorg near Skopje in the year 1300. In his charter he is mentioning the Upper Town of Skopje and also the fortifications, namely the "Great Gate" (при вратѣхь великыхь): вьнѹтрь града скопиꙗ при вратѣхь великыхь полата и црьквь светаа богородица еже ѥсть придаль монахь ксенофонть. This "Great Gate", which is attested in the medieval written sources, was excavated in the year 1967 and was originally the main connection between the medieval Upper and Lower Town. | ||
| Skopje, Upper Town, Round Tower | Place | The "Round Tower" is mentioned by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin in his charter for the Monastery of St. George-Gorg near Skopje in the year 1300 (ва пѹти кои греде кь ѡблои пирзѣ долѹ до града; рьпинѹ конь ѡбле пирге ѡть пирге до пирге низь зьдь градьски ѡбь долнѥ стране). This tower was documented by Mihailo Popović during his survey in Skopje from 13 June 2016 until 30 June 2016. | ||
| Skopje, Upper Town, Tower at the Water | Place | The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin confirmed the landed property of the "Cave Church of St. George" to the Monastery of St. George-Gorg near Skopje in the year 1300 (црьквь подь градомь светы геѡргиѥ вь пещерѣ церебѹльскои сь виногради, сь нивиѥмь, сь млини). The "Tower at the Water" (до пирге водѣне), i.e. at the river Vardar, is mentioned in the delimitation of the aforesaid landed property as follows: а мегꙗ ѥ е ѡть пирге коꙗ ѥ подь кѹлѹмь на рѣцѣ та долѹ до пирге водѣне такои и с рѣкомь, и горѣ до пирге поредь водѣнихь врать та низь зьдь градии кѹлѣ. Remains of this "Tower at the Water" can still be found, although inland, because the flow of the river Vardar has changed substantially. This tower was documented by Mihailo Popović during his survey in Skopje from 13 June 2016 until 30 June 2016. | ||
| Skopje, Upper Town, Water Gate | Place | The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin confirmed and donated landed property to the Monastery of St. George-Gorg near Skopje in the year 1300. In his charter he is mentioning the Upper Town of Skopje and also the fortifications, namely the "Water Gate" (поредь водѣнихь врать): а мегꙗ ѥ е ѡть пирге коꙗ ѥ подь кѹлѹмь на рѣцѣ та долѹ до пирге водѣне такои и с рѣкомь, и горѣ до пирге поредь водѣнихь врать та низь зьдь градии кѹлѣ. |