Maps of Power

Viz. Izv. VI 1986

Properties

ID	8366
System Class	Bibliography
Bibliography	Book
Case Study	Byzantino-Serbian Border Zones in Transition (1282–1355) , Historical Region of Macedonia TIB 16 , The Process of Byzantinization in the Central Balkans (Late 10th – Mid-13th Century)

Description

Vizantijski izvori za istorĳu naroda Jugoslavĳe VI (Vizantološki institut Srpske Akademije Nauka i Umetnosti, Posebna izdanja, Knjiga 18, Beograd 1986).

Relations

Actors (50)

Name	Class	Description
Armpenos	Person	Mentioned in 1343 by the Byzantine historian Ioannes Kantakuzenos. He came from Chlerenos (Florina). He was a subservient of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan entrusted him with the task to negotiate with the inhabitants of Beroia about the surrender of their town. Armpenos contacted the Byzantine Emperor Ioannes VI Kantakuzenos and persuaded the assembly of Beroia’s citizens to join the emperor.
Belkos	Person	Mentioned for the year 1350 by the Byzantine historian Ioannes Kantakuzenos. He was the ἄρχων of the Fortress Gynaikokastron. Ioannes Kantakuzenos designates him as a Serbian. He broke his promise to surrender the fortress Gynaikokastron to the Byzantine Emperor Ioannes VI Kantakuzenos, as soon when the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan came with the Serbian troops to Thessalonike.
Boichnas	Person	It it doubtful, that he is the same person as „lo jupan Voichna“, who appears in the charter of Vladislav, the son of the former Serbian King Dragutin, adressed to Ragusan authorities from the 25th October 1323. The confirmed terminus ante quem of his decease is September 1370/August 1371 (Prišьdšu že mi vь hramě prěsvetije Bogorodice Hilan’darě, i viděvь grobь gospodina mi i roditelja svetopočiv’šega kesara). It is possible that he was already death in 1369, because the Serbian Despot Ioannes Unklesis (Jovan Unglješa) approved in this year the donation of the Church of the Saint Archangels Michael and Gabriel above Gabrovo granted by Kaisar Boichnas (Voihna) for the monk and spiritual father Daniil (Kako pride kь carьstvu mi čьstni starьcь duhovьnikь kyrь Daniil…Mihaila i Gabrila više Gabrova, i prinese mi zapisanie gospodina….roditelě mi kesara, i viděhь pročtohь čto jestь zapisalь i….kesarь Voihna, i ini hristoljubivi crьkvi onoizi ljud…..zemle: bystь hotěnije carьstvu mi kudě godě mu se što nahodi……hru….ljud…..vinogradь, perivolja, ili i mlinь, ima hotěnije carьstvo mi kako da je……vь věkomь, i da jestь pace svobodna, nikiimь nepotьknovlenno….). He appears as vlastelinь, surodnikь carьstva mi bratučedь Voih’na in the charter of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Hilandar Monastery from 1348. He is mentioned as kaisar/kesar in 1351 (Voicha chiessar) and 1355 (Voichna chiesar) in two forged documents of the Serbian Emperors for the town Kotor translated into old Italian. Attested as kaisar and kesarь from 1357 to 1371 (Βοΐχνας ὁ Καῖσαρ). He was the governor of the town Drama in 1357 according to the Byzantine historian Ioannes Kantakuzenos (ὁ δὲ τῆς πόλεως, ἧς ἦρχεν, ἀποδημῶν, Δράμα δὲ ἦν). Sima Ćirković suggests that he held unter his control a much bigger region corresponding with the ruling area of his son-in-law, the Serbian Despot Ioannes Unklesis (Jovan Unglješa). In a later charter of Iakobos Kutaches Philanthropenos Tarchaneiotes from 1405 he is erroneously described as κράλης. His daughter was Euphemia (Jefimija/Elena). He was the father-in-law of the Serbian Despot Ioannes Unklesis (Jovan Unglješa). The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan confirmed in 1348 at the intervention of his nobleman and most probably also relative Voih’na the previous donation of the village Potolino in the valley of the river Struma to the Hilandar Monastery (I tu vьspomenu carstvu mi vlastelinь, surodnikь carьstva mi bratučedь Voih’na, ō izvěstneišemь po utvrьždeni sela Potolina, iže bě priložilo i po prěžde carьstvō mi Hilan’daru...I po blagosrьdnomu moljeniju i blagoutrobiju kь v’semь svetimь i božьstvnimь crьkvamь bratučeda mi Voih’ne, darova carьtvō mi vь postrum’skomь prědělě: Seloō Potolinovo sь zasel’ci i periōromь, s megjami i sь dohoci sь v’semi pravinami sela togoō). After the death of the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan he was a prominent figure in the circle of the Dušan’s widow Jelena (Helene). He encouraged Mathaios Kantakuzenos at first to invade the territory of Eastern Macedonia. He then betrayted him and joined the army of Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš V. He defeated Mathaios Kantakuzenos at Philippoi in Macedonia in 1357. Mathaios Kantakuzenos was imprisoned by him. He handed over Mathaios Kantakuzenos in summer 1357 to the Byzantine Emperor Ioannes V Palaiologos for a ransom. The Serbian Despot Ioannes Unklesis (Jovan Unglješa) confirmed in 1358 an endowment of his mother-in-law, the wife of Boichnas, for the Kutlumus Monastery (ὅπερ ἐπροσίλοσεν ἡ ἁγία μου κυρία ἡ Κεσάρισα πρὸς αὐτὴν τὴν μονὴν ἐν τι τοποθεσία τὴ ἐπικεκλημένι ἡ Προυνέα χάριν ψυχηκὴς δωρεὰς αὐτῆς ζευγαρίων τεσσάρον... ἐγὼ Οὔγλεσις μέγας βοεβόδας ἀπὸ τὴς αὐτοῦ ἐλεημοσίνης τοὺ αὐθέντου ἡμῶν τοὺ πανευτυχεστάτου δεσπότου καὶ τοὺ ἀδελφοὺ αὐτοὺ τοὺ [...τ...]ου μου στέργο καὶ βεβεῶ τὰ τιαύτα χωράφια εἰς τὴν Προυνέαν γὴν ζευγαρίων τεσάρον ὅπος νέμωσην οἱ τιαύτοι μοναχοὶ τὴς θείας βασιλεικῆς μονῆς τοὺ Κουτλουμούσι ἀκολείτος). The Metropolitan of Drama in 1359 gave his consent to return the metochia of Theotokos Koriliotissa and Hagioi Anargyroi to the Batopedi Monastery after the involvment of Boichnas and his wife. Boichnas and his wife endowed the Batopedi Monastery with the church of Saint Photeine. Boichnas was buried in the Hilandar Monastery at Mount Athos.
Braktos	Person	It is not clear, if he is the same person as Vratko, a nobleman of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan, who held the position of župan in 1333 (župan Vratkō/çuppanus Vratcho). Vratko is mentioned in the archives of the city Dubrovnik under the date 7.1. 1333 (Et Vratico, qui fuit et est nobis favorabilispenes dominum regem, D. ducatos de auro; Et Vratico qui fuit et est nobis favorabilis penes dominum regem VIC ducatos de auro), 19. 3. 1336 (fuit sibi ablata una salma per Vraticum nomine domini regiss apud S. Sergium) and 11. 7. 1336 (conqueritur supra Vraticum baronem domini regis Raxie...valoris yp. 190 grossorum de cruçe). He is attested as knez also in two Ragusan charters concerning his belt, which was pawned in Dubrovnik and which he demanded back (pojasь kneza vratka; ōtь kneza Vratka). According to the later sources was knez Vratko the father of Princess Milica of Serbia and the father-in-law of her husband Serbian Despot Lazar Hrebeljanović. Konstantin Kostenečki and then several of the Serbian genealogies (rodoslov) reconstructed his ancestry back to Vukan Nemanjić. Mentioned for the year 1342 by the Byzantine historian Ioannes Kantakuzenos. He was a military commander of the Serbian auxiliary troops, 1342. He was one of the Serbian commanders, who were supporting the Byzantine Emperor Ioannes VI Kantakuzenos during the siege of Serres at the end of the summer 1342. He fell temporarily ill and the army had to remain in the military encampment for eleven days (ἐν ᾧ δὲ ταῦτα ἐτελεῖτο, Βράκτος τῶν ἡγεμόνων τῆς στρατιᾶς ὁ διαφορώτατος ἐνόσησε καὶ διεκαρτέρησεν ἐκεῖ ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατοπεδευμένη μίαν ἡμέραν ἐπὶ δέκα).
Chlapenos Radoslabos	Person	Identical with Radoslav’ (Povikь?)? It is doubtful, that he is the same person as the župan Hlapen, who governed Konavle and the region of Trebinje. He died before 1385. He was a commandant of the Serbian military troops in Macedonia, 1350. He controlled a large area in Macedonia in the border region, 1357–1362. He was a relative of the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan. He married Eirene Prelumpissa in 1358 (ὅθεν καὶ γυναῖκα λαμβάνει τὴν τοῦ Πρελούμπου ἐκείνου γαμετήν). He was the father of Helena. According to a manuscript note she was married to Marko Mrnjavčević (vь dьni blagověrnago kralja Mar’ka, jegda ōdade Thodoru Grьgurovu ženu Hlapenu, a uze ženu svoju prьvověn’čan’nu Jelenu, Hlapenovu dьštere). His second daughter was the wife of Nikolaos Baldubinos Pagases [Νικόλαος Βαλδουβῖνος Παγάσης/Nikola Bagaš] (ἀπὸ τοῦ πενθεροῦ μου Ῥαδοσλάβου τοῦ Χλαπένου). The third daughter called Maria Angelina Radosthlaba married Alexios Angelos Philantropenos. Mauro Orbini, a Ragusan chronicler from 16th century, who used older sources, mentions also a son of him called Stefan-Dukas (I maschi si chiamauno Duca & Stefano). He defected in 1350 along with Tolisthlabos from the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan to the Byzantine Emperor Ioannes VI Kantakuzenos (ἧκον δὲ καὶ αὐτόμολοι δύο ἐξ αὐτῶν· ὧν ἅτερος τῶν μάλιστα ἦν ἐπιφανῶν, κατὰ γένος προσήκων Κράλῃ, Χλάπαινος ὠνομασμένος, στρατιάν τε ἔχων ὑφ’ ἑαυτὸν οὐκ εὐκαταφρόνητον καὶ πολλὴν περιουσίαν· ὁ λοιπὸς δὲ οὐ τῶν πάνυ περιδόξων ἦν, πλὴν κἀκεῖνος ἀρχάς τε πόλεων ἐγκεχειρισμένος καὶ στρατοπέδων ἡγεμονίας, ὄνομα Τολίσθλαβος). After a while he switched sides again and joined most likely the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan. He captured Beroia before 1359, probably in 1351 (Οὗτος τοίνυν ὁ Χλάπενος, εἷς ὢν τῶν Σερβικῶν σατραπῶν καὶ τινα φρούρια ἐκ τῶν Ῥωμαï κῶν ὁρίων εἰληφώς, ἀλλὰ δὴ καὶ τὴν μεγαλόδοξον πόλιν Βέῤῥοιαν, μεγάλως ἐπὶ τοὶς κατορθώμασιν ἐσέμνυνεν). He witnessed the apparently falsified charter issued by the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš V in 1355 for the inhabitants of the town of Kotor (Radosav Chlapene). He acted as a protector of the inheritance right of his wife and his stepson Toma Preljubović (Θωμᾶς Πρέλουμπος). Therefore he seized the Thessalian town Damasis in 1359/1360 (Τῇ Βλαχίᾳ δὲ φθάσας μετὰ τῶν στρατευμάτων καὶ φρούριον ἓν πολιορκία εἰληφώς, Δάμασιν καλούμενον, εἰς συμβάσεις μετὰ τοῦ βασιλέως Συμεὼν χωροῦσι, καὶ τὸ φρούριον τούτῳ παραχωρεῖ). He gave up the town of Damasis to Simeon Uroš (Συμεὼν Παλαιολόγος) on condition of arranging the marriage between Maria Angelina Komnene Palaiologina, the daughter of Simeon, and Toma Preljubović (Θωμᾶς Πρέλουμπος). He founded the Mesonesiotissa Monastery near Kastoria (καὶ ἂν κατὰ διαδοχὴν καὶ κληρονομίαν ἔλαβον ἀπὸ τοῦ πενθεροῦ μου Ῥαδοσλάβου τοῦ Χλαπένου σεβασμίαν καὶ ἱερὰν μονὴν, τὴν παρ’ ἐκείνου ἀνεγερθεῖσαν ἐκ βάθρων αὐτῶν τῇ ὑπερευλογημένῃ ἡμῶν δεσποίνῃ καὶ θεομήτορι, τὴν οὕτω πως καλουμένην Μεσονησιώτισσαν). Apparently his ring was found on a medieval necropolis of the Vodoča Monastery near Strumica. It bears an invocation (Izvolite raba Božija Hlapena).
Dabiživь (3)	Person	Mentioned in the Lesnovski pomenik, a compilation of commemorations from the 16th to 18th century based on older sources. The terminus post quem for the entry regarding the family of the Despot Ioannes Liberos (᾿Ιωάννης Λίβερος, Jovan Oliver) is 1353. He died on 25th November of an unspecified year. This date of memorial service is recorded by a later hand in the Oliver’s menaion from 1342 (Belgrade, National Library, Old collection Nr. 62, fol. 134v: Prěstavi se Dabiživь vь ·k·e· sego měseca) and also in the Lesnovian gospel from the 14th century (Zagreb, HAZU, Collection of A. Mihanović, Nr. 65, fol. 114: prěstavi se rabь boži Dabiživь vь ·k·e· sego měseca). He was the son of Ioannes Liberos (᾿Ιωάννης Λίβερος, Jovan Oliver) and Maria Liberissa (Μαρία Λιβέρισσα, Ana Marija,). His uncle was Mpogdanos (Μπογδάνος, Bogdan). He was the brother of Kraikos (Κράϊκος, Krajko), Damianos (Δαμιανός, Damjan), Vidoslavь, Rusinь, Oliverь and Danica. He is attested in the Lesnovo pomenik along with his family as a ktitor (Poměni, gospodi, blagočьstivyihь ktitorь našihь vь carstvi si: Olivera děspota, i podružie Mariju, i čeda ihь: Dьnicu, Kraika, Damiana, Vidoslava, Dabiživa, Rusina, Olivera).
Damianos (1)	Person	It is very unlikely that he is the same person as Damijan, the Bishop of Prizren. The latter is attested in the collective charter of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin and Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Tower of Hrusija of the Hilandar Monastery on Mount Athos (jepiskupomь prizrěnskymь Damijanomь). Before 1307 he together with the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin took the fields near the Church of Holy Mother of God at Trhalě not far from Trěboš in Polog from Žegrь and they set his houses on fire (I u Trěboši pri crьkvi svetyje bogorodice pri Trьhalě nivije crьkovno što bylo ōt věka. I uzeli jesu byli Položani, i iznašьlь je roditelь kraljevьstva mi sь jepiskopomь Damijanomь i sь iepiskopomь Iliōmь, i ōtjelь ōt Žegra, i kušte mu popalilь). He was still alive in 1307 according to the ktitorial inscription of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin, which is preserved in the apse of the Church Bogorodica Ljeviška in Prizren (Stefan Urošь kralь hristě bozě blagověrьnь kralь srьbskyh i pomorskihь prěvnukь svetago simeōna nemane i zetь cara grьčkago kirь andronika paleōloga ponovihь hramь svetie bogorodice lěviške ot samogo ōsnovanija i ja směreni popь prizrěnьsky damijanь trudyhь se vь lěto ѕ ѱ ei). Damianos is mentioned in the sermon of the Byzantine writer Theodoros Metochites, who undertook the task to arrange the marriage of the Byzantine princess Simonis with the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin. He was a Monk. He accompanied Dukaites around 1298 at the request of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš Milutin to Constantinople (κἀγὼ μὲν αὐτίκα τὸν καλὸν Δουκαίτην ἐς βασιλέα· καὶ αὐτὸς δὲ οὕστινας οἶσθα, σὺν αὐτῷ πέμπομεν, Δαμιανόν τινα αὐτὸν οἶμαι ὄνομα μοναχὸν).
Damianos (2)	Person	He was born after 1340/1341. Mentioned in the sources from 1347 to 1349/1350. He was the son of Ioannes Liberos (᾿Ιωάννης Λίβερος, Jovan Oliver) and Maria Liberissa (Μαρία Λιβέρισσα, Ana Marija,). His uncle was Mpogdanos (Μπογδάνος, Bogdan). He was the brother of Kraikos (Κράϊκος, Krajko), Vidoslavь, Dabiživь, Rusinь, Oliverь and Danica. Ioannes Liberos together with his wife and their sons Kraikos (Κράϊκος, Krajko) and Damianos (Δαμιανός, Damjan) were the patrons of the parecclesion of the Saint John the Baptist in the Church of Saint Sophia in Ōhrid. The chapel was erected between the years 1347–1350. Ioannes Liberos together with his wife and their son Damianos (Δαμιανός, Damjan) are depicted within the ktitorial composition on the western wall of the chapel. Ioannes Liberos, Maria Liberissa, Kraikos (Κράϊκος, Krajko) and Damianos (Δαμιανός, Damjan) sponsored a new narthex as a addition to the Monastery of Saint Archangel Michael and Holy Father Gabriel in Lěsnovo. The painted ktitorial composition with Ioannes Liberos, Maria Liberissa (Μαρία Λιβέρισσα, Ana Marija), Kraikos (Κράϊκος, Krajko) and Damianos (Δαμιανός, Damjan) is on the northern wall of the narthex. The fresco inscription above the entrance from the narthex to the naos gives details about the donors and the date 1349, when the narthex was decorated (Ἀνηγέρθη ἐκ βάθρων, καὶ ἀνηστορίθη ὁ θεῖος καὶ πάνσεπτος ναὸς τοῦ ταξιαρχου Μιχ δι’ ἐξόδου τοῦ πανευτυχεστάτου δεσπότου Ιωάννου τοῦ Λύβερί. καὶ τῆς πανευτυχεστάτης βασιλείσης Μαρίας τῆς Λυβερίσης καὶ τῶν τέκνων αὐτῶν, Κραίκου καὶ Δαμιανοῦ. ἐπὶ τῆς βασιλεί Στεφάνου καὶ Ἐλένης, καὶ τοῦ ύιοῦ αὐτῶν κράλη τοῦ Οὐροσι μηνὶ αὐγύστῳ ѕʹ ἔτους ϛωνζ ἰνδ β).
Desisthlabos	Person	It was speculated that he is to be identified with the future Serbian Archbishop Danilo (Daniel) II. There is no evidence for this suggestion. Mentioned in the sermon of the Byzantine writer Theodoros Metochites, who undertook the task to arrange the marriage of the Byzantine princess Simonis with the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin. He was sent in 1298/1299 as emissary by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin to the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos. He met Theodoros Metochites in Thessalonike (ἀλλὰ καὶ σὺν αὐτῷ Τριβαλλὸς εἰς βασιλέα πρεσβεύων παρὰ τοῦ δεσπότου φθάνει γε, ἡμᾶς ἔτ’ ἐν τῇ πόλει, Δεσίσθλαβος ἀνὴρ ὄνομα, ὃς δὴ πρῶτος, ἐμοῦ γ’ ἐξελθόντος ἐκ βασιλέως, αὐτόθι γίγνεται καὶ μέμνησαι πάντως).
Dukaites	Person	Probably identical with an adressee (PLP 5670) of a letter, which was written by Theodoros Hyrtakenos. Mentioned in the sermon of the Byzantine writer Theodoros Metochites, who undertook the task to arrange the marriage of the Byzantine princess Simonis with the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin. He accompanied Theodoros Metochites on his diplomatic mission and reported the news to the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II. (ἄλλως τε καὶ πρὸς εἰδότα ἴσως καὶ ἅπαντ’ ἀκριβῶς ἀκηκοότα τοῦ καλοῦ Δουκαίτου· πρότερον ἐπιδεδημηκότος αὐτόθι παρ’ ἡμῶν...κἀγὼ μὲν αὐτίκα τὸν καλὸν Δουκαίτην ἐς βασιλέα· καὶ αὐτὸς δὲ οὕστινας οἶσθα, σὺν αὐτῷ πέμπομεν, Δαμιανόν τινα αὐτὸν οἶμαι ὄνομα μοναχὸν καὶ Τομπράιλον ἐκκλησιάρχην ἐνταῦθα τοῖς ἐγχωρίοις τετιμημένον τοῦ δεσπότου καὶ κατωνομασμένον· περί τε τοῦ παντὸς ἔργου κατεροῦντας ὡς ἤνυσταί τε καὶ πεπέρανται· καὶ καταλιπαρήσοντας ἐξ αὐτοῦ δεσπότου τὲ καὶ Τριβαλλάρχου, καὶ ἤδη παιδὸς φίλου τῷ βασιλεῖ, περὶ οὗ νῦν γε εἴρηται συνθήματος).
Dьnica (2)	Person	Mentioned in the Lesnovski pomenik, a compilation of commemorations from the 16th to 18th century based on older sources. The terminus post quem for the entry regarding the family of the Despot Ioannes Liberos (᾿Ιωάννης Λίβερος, Jovan Oliver) is 1353. She was the daughter of Ioannes Liberos (᾿Ιωάννης Λίβερος, Jovan Oliver) and Maria Liberissa (Μαρία Λιβέρισσα, Ana Marija,). Her uncle was Mpogdanos (Μπογδάνος, Bogdan). She was the sister of Kraikos (Κράϊκος, Krajko), Damianos (Δαμιανός, Damjan), Dabiživь, Vidoslavь, Rusinь and Oliverь. She appears as an unnamed daughter of Ioannes Liberos in the accounts of the Byzantine historians Nikephoros Gregoras and Ioannes Kantakuzenos. Nikephoras Gregoras relates that the Byzantine Emperor Ioannes VI Kantakuzenos asked in 1342 his old friend Ioannes Liberos to smooth the way for an alliance with the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan. The Byzantine Emperor Ioannes VI Kantakuzenos was according to Nikephoros Gregoras in so dire situation, that he even proposed a marriage between his son Manuel and the daughter of Liberos. Ioannes Kantakuzenos gives account of the effort of Ioannes Liberos to realise the marriage between his daughter and Manuel Kantakuzenos. Ioannes Liberos brought even the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan to convince the Byzantine Emperor Ioannes VI Kantakuzenos in regard of the engagment beween the daughter of Oliver and Manuel. Dьnica (Danica) is attested in the Lesnovo pomenik along with her family as a ktitorica (Poměni, gospodi, blagočьstivyihь ktitorь našihь vь carstvi si: Olivera děspota, i podružie Mariju, i čeda ihь: Dьnicu, Kraika, Damiana, Vidoslava, Dabiživa, Rusina, Olivera).
Eltimeres	Person	He was probably killed in 1305. He held the title of Despot. The question, who bestowed him with the title of despot, remains unresolved. He ruled almost independently in the region of Krounos (Krŭn) in Rhodope (κατὰ τὸν Κρουνὸν ἐξάρχοντα). He received this territory probably as dowry. He was the brother of the Bulgarian Tsar George Terter I. He was the son-in-law of the Bulgarian Tsar Smilets and his wife Smiltsena Palaiologina (γαμβρόν γε ὄντα Σμιλτζαίνης), since he married their daughter Maria (Marina). His nephew was Theodor Svetoslav. He was the father or the father-in-law of Ioannes Dragusinos (ΕΚΟΙΜΙΘΕΙ Ο ΔΟΥΛΟΣ ΤΟΥ ΘΕΟΥ ΙΩΑΝΝΗΣ Ο ΔΡΑΓΟΥΣΙΝΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΟΙΟΣ ΤΟΥ ΔΕΣΠΟΤΟΥ ΤΟΥ ΑΛΔΙΜΙΡΟΥ). He was apparently of Cuman origin. He acted as a loyal supporter of Smiltsena after the death of her husband. He offered her a place of refuge in the region of Krounos (Krŭn). The Bulgarian Tsar Theodor Svetoslav gained his trust after he donated the fortresses Diampolis (Jambol) and Lardaia to him. Eltimeres defeated and blinded sebastokrator Radoslav, the brother of the Bulgarian Tsar Smilets, who aspired to the Bulgarian throne with the aid of the Byzantines. He handed over Radoslav and the captured byzantine noblemen to the Bulgarian Tsar Theodor Svetoslav. He marched in 1304 with Theodor Svetoslav against the Byzantines, although his mother-in-law and a byzantine embassy tried to dissuade him with gifts and pronoia promises from joining the alliance with the Bulgarian Tsar. Another intercesssion of his mother-in-law ended with success. He switched the sides and fought with the Byzantines against the Bulgarian Tsar. The hostilities led to the reconcquest of the fortresses Diampolis and Lardaia and the capture of the territory of Krounos by the Bulgarian Tsar Theodor Svetoslav.
Georgios (5)	Person	Probably identical with the mesazon Georgios (PLP 4030), who is mentioned by the Byzantine historian Georgios Pachymeres. The mesazon participated in the peace negotiations between Byzantium and Serbia between 1267 and 1269 (καὶ ἤδη καὶ πρὸς Λιπαίνιον ἰόντων, πέμπεται μὲν πρέσβις ἐκεῖθεν ὁ καὶ μεσάζων ἐκείνων, Γεώργιος τοὔνομα, ᾧ δὴ καὶ λόχος ἀνδρῶν ἐνεδρεύσας προσεζημίου). He partook in the arrangment of the marriage project between the Byzantine princess Anna and the Serbian prince Stefan Uroš Milutin, which collapsed. Georgios (PLP 4030) was involved in several Serbian diplomatic envoys to Charles I Anjou, the King of Sicily. Mentioned in the sermon of the Byzantine writer Theodoros Metochites, who undertook the task to arrange the marriage of the Byzantine princess Simonis with the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin. Theodoros Metochites expressed his position and dignity on the court of the Serbian King with the words „καθάπαξ τῷ δεσπότῃ καὶ τῶν σφόδρα, πιστῶς τε καὶ οἰκείως ἐχόντων“. He was the second commander of the Serbian army in the ranking (καὶ μάλιστα ἐν τοῖς ἡμετέροις, τιμῆς τε διὰ ταῦτ’ ἄρα πάντα ἀξιοῦται τὲ καὶ ἐπικέκληται, ἧστινος δὴ ταύτης, ἡγεμὼν ἐν τοῖς τοῦ γένους στρατεύμασι δεύτερος). He was the member of the Serbian advisory council (καὶ κοινωνούντων βουλῆς τε καὶ λόγων καὶ φροντισμάτων· καὶ πάσης σκέψεως· ἅτ’ εὔνους τὲ ὢν αὐτῷ, δὴ, καὶ σφόδρα· καὶ νοῦν ἔχων ἐφ’ ἑκάστοις αὐτῷ κοινωνεῖν· καὶ μεταχειρίζειν τὲ καὶ συμβάλλειν τῶν τε ἔργων καὶ τῶν λόγων). He was the father of the Monk (starec) Isaias according to the opinion of Miodrag A. Purković. Starec Isaias came to the court of the Serbian king in his younger years at his father’s wish. Purković argues for the identity of the commander Georgios and the father of starec Isaias exactly on the account of the closeness to the Serbian king (Rodi že se pri blagočastivěmь i hristoljubivemь samodrьžci vsee srьpskie zemle i podunavskie i pomorskie i arbanaškïe svetomь krali Uroši. Ōtь blagorodnu i blagōčastivu roditelju, ōtьca Geōrgïa matere že Kalïni...běše bo mnogoljubimь roditeli svoimi. i hotěhu jego prědati vь polatu carevi. onь že poslušavь stvori imь volju vь malo vreme). The Father of starec Isaias was married to Kalina. He became a monk with the name Gerasimos. His wife Kalina became a nun with the name Theōdosïa (i sihь prěimenovavь, ōtьca Gerasimь, matere že Theōdosïa). He fought against the byzantine emperor in a battle before 1298. He was captured and imprisoned by the Byzantines. The Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II and the Constantinopolitan elite knew him according to the report of Theodoros Metochites. He was of the initiators and a main proponent of the peace negotiations between the Serbians and Byzantines and the preparation of the marriage. (ἦν δ’ ἐν τούτοις μάλισθ’ ὁ λέγειν ἔχων καὶ πρῶτα φέρων, Γεώργιος· Γεώργιος οἶσθ’ ὃς πρότερον, ἐνειρκτο δέσμιος ἐκ μάχης τῷ βασιλεῖ· συνήθης τὲ ἐκεῖθεν μάλιστ’ ἐκ τῆς χρονίου καθείρξεως αὐτῷ τε βασιλεῖ γεγονὼς, καὶ ἡμῖν· καὶ τὰς παρούσας καταλλαγὰς καὶ συμβάσεις, ἐπὶ τῷ κήδει πρῶτος αὐτόθι προδείξας καὶ ἐνηργμένος· καὶ καθυπουργήσας εἰς τὰ μάλιστα· ὡς ἐντεῦθεν ἄρα, καὶ μάλισθ’ ὡς πεῖραν ἤδη τιν’ ἡμῶν καὶ τῶν ἡμετέρων ἐσχηκὼς κρείττω, ἢ κατὰ τοὺς ἄλλους τῆς ἐκ τοῦ ἔθνους, καὶ τῆς ἁπάσης ἡμῖν προξενεῖν ἀμέλει πρεσβείας ἀξιοῦσθαι. ἕστι δὲ κἀν τοῖς μάλισθ’ ὁ ἀνήρ, καθάπαξ τῷ δεσπότῃ καὶ τῶν σφόδρα, πιστῶς τε καὶ οἰκείως ἐχόντων).
Gradislavь (1)	Person	Mentioned in the sources from 1333 to 1379/1380. He was the son of Boril (Gradislauo Borilli). Vojvoda Gradislav (or vexillifer Gradislau, son of Boril in the Latin version of the document) signed along with the Metropolitan of Prizren Arsenije, Kaznac Baldovin, Župan Vratko, Knez Grgur Kurjaković, Stavilac Miloš, Vojvoda Dejan Manjak, Gradislav Sušenica, Nikola Buća, and Archdeacon Marin Baranić in Polog the charter issed by Stefan Uroš IV Dušan from the 22. January 1333 regarding the sale of Ston to the city of Dubrovnik (A tu imь milostь učini kraljevstvo mi u Polozie vь lětoь 6833 měseca ženvara 2 i 2 danь. A tui běhu: sveōsvešni jepiskupь prizrěnski Arsenie, kaznacь Balьdovinь, voevoda Gradisavь, županь Vratkō, knezь Grьgurь Kurjakovićь, stavilacь Miloš, vo(e)voda Deganь Manijaakь, Gradisavь Sušenica, Nikola Bučga, arhidjak Marinь Baraninь/ Actum est hoc datum in Pollogo, presentibus uenerabili patris, domino Arsenio, episcopo Prisirenensis, ac nobilibus viris, casneçio Baldouino, Gradislauo Borilli, uexillifero, çuppano Vratcho, comitate Gregorio Curiaçi, staluileçio Milosio Voyni, uoieuoda Deiano Maniiacho, stauileçio Gradislauo Suseniçe, Nicolao Buchia, archidiacono Antibarensis et Marino Miroslai Antibarensis, et aliis quam pluribus currente anno Domini, millesimo, trecentessimo tercio decimo tercio, mensis Januari uigessimo secundio die, indictione prima). Gradislav bearing the title of tepčija donated the settlement site Běla Vodica with all rights to the Monastery of Treskavec. This donation was confirmed by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan in the second charter for the Monastery in Treskavec (Selište Běla Vodica sь vsěmi pravinami, što priloži tepci Gradislavь). Gradislav figures again in the charter of Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of the Holy Archangels in Prizren issued probably in August 1347. As tepčija he confirmed the boundary mark of the land Trstena during the reign of the Stefan Uroš III Dečanski (i sь zemlomь na Trьstěnoi što si jestь drьžalь u roditelь carьstva mi, i što mu je utesalь tepʼči Gradislav i igumьnь carьstva mi). In 1352 the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan sent to the Byzantine Emperor John V Palaiologos an auxiliary cavalry force under the command of Borilović, who was in charge of the office of kaznac. They fought together against John VI Kantakuzenos and the horsemen of Orhan I in the battle of Didymoteichon. According to Kantakuzenos almost all 7,000 Serbs fell at the battle and the kaznac could escape only with a small number of troops (γενομένου δὲ ἐκεῖ τοῦ βασιλέως ἀδελφοῦ, ἡ στρατιὰ ἐξεπέμφθη παρασκευασθεῖσα ἑπτακισχίλιοι ἱππεῖς, ὧν ἐστρατήγει Κασνιτζὸς ὁ Μποριλοβίκης προσαγορευόμενος, ἐκ τῶν ἐπιφανεστάτων μάλιστα ὢν τῶν παρὰ Τριβαλοῖς… Κασνιτζὸς δὲ ὁ στρατηγὸς μετά τινων εὐαριθμήτων ἠδυνήθη διαδρᾶναι, τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων τῶν μὲν πεσόντων, τῶν δ’ ἑαλωκότων). It is not clear, if Borilović is the same person as Gradislav. Naumov suggests, that Borilović was in fact his brother or close relative. He owned the village Jelašnica. The Serbian Despot Lazar donated in 1379/1380 the village Jelašnica, which belonged previously to Gradislav, with church, boundaries, hamlets and all right to the Hilandar Monastery. The Serbian Patriarch Spiridon confirmed in 1380 the wording of the deed of Lazar (selo Elʼšanica Gradisava tepčije i sь crьkviju i s megami i zaselci, s pravinami sela togo). Gradislav was probably buried in the Treskavec monastery. This was proposed by Gligorijević on the grounds of an inscription under the ktetor composition of a man carrying a church model and his wife preserved on the western facade of the parekklesion of the Treskavec monastery (τοῦ τεπέτζηα καὶ κτήτορος τοῦδε τοῦ ναοῦ). On the sheet 436 of the pomenik of the Church of the Holy Virgin Ljeviška in Prizren, the pomen of Peter kaznac Gradislav is mentioned. It might be suggested that Peter was the monk name of Gradislav. Highly questionable is the suggestion of Branka Ivanić, which identifies Gradislav with the bearer of the goldring in the collection of the National Museum in Belgrade. The inscription along the rim of the goldring reads namely Gradislav čelnik.
Grěbostrěkь Novakь	Person	Mentioned in the Life of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin and in the forged chrysobull charter of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin concerning the settlement site Ulijara. He was a supreme commander (Veliki vojvoda). The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin entrusted in 1312/1313 the command over an elite cavalry contingent to him (i davь vь město sebe velikaago vojevodu imь Novaka rekomaago Grěbostrěka). The army supported the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos against the Turks of Halil, who were encamped near Kallipolis. Novak and his troops fought also with them in the area of Anatolia.
Kallinikos (2)	Person	Mentioned in the sources between 1310 and September 1327. He appears as κῦρ in the charters. He was a Hieromonk. He was a native Serbian. He was an experienced diplomat (ὁ πρεσβευτὴς δὲ μοναχὸς ἦν, Καλλίνικος κεκλημένος, τὸ γένος μὲν καὶ αὐτὸς Τριβαλὸς, εὖ δὲ εἰδὼς καιροῖς καὶ πράγμασι πολιτικοῖς χρῆσθαι δι’ ἐμπειρίαν). The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin sent him as an emissary to the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos before 1318. He was also in the service of the Byzantine Emperor. He asked the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos before January 1318 to award the solder Manuel Garianos with a chrysobull charter. Andronikos II Palaiologos issued a charter for Manuel Garianos, where he guaranted the possession of Garianos at the village Euiane as patrimonial and taxless (Ἐπεὶ ὁ τιμιώτατος ἱερομόναχος κῦρις Καλλίνικος, ἀποσταλεὶς ἀποκρισιάριος εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν μου παρὰ τοῦ περιποθείτου υἱοῦ καὶ γαμβροῦ αὐτῆς τοῦ ὑψηλοτάτου κράλη Σερβείας, καὶ διὸ εὑρίσκεται ἐπιμελούμενος καὶ ἐνεργῶν εἰς τὰς δουλείας τῆς βασιλείας μου καὶ ἔχων ἀναδοχὴν καὶ διάθεσιν παρ’ αὐτῆς, ἐζήτησε καὶ παρεκάλασεν περὶ τοῦ ἀπὸ τοῦ Σερριωτικοῦ μεγάλου ἀλλαγίου Μανουὴλ τοῦ Γαριάνου, ἵνα ποριση̣ται χρυσόβουλλον τῆς βασιλείας μου καὶ κατέχη τὴν γονικὴν αὐτοῦ ὑπόστασιν εἰς τὸ χωρίον τὴν Ηὔνιανην). In 1320/1321 he negotiated in Constantinople about a secret alliance between Andronikos III. Palaiologos and the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin against the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos. The Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos ceded Kallinikos in September 1321 the small monastery of Saint Nicholas in Kamenikeia near Serres for use (Ἐπεὶ ὁ τιμιώτατος ἱερομόναχος κῦρ Καλλίνικος εὑρίσκεται ἄνθρωπος καλὸς καὶ τρέφων καθαρωτάτην εὔνοιαν εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν μου καὶ ἐπιμελούμενος εἰς τὰς δουλείας αὐτῆς, παρεκλήτευσεν ἵνα πορίσηται χρυσόβουλλον τῆς βασιλείας μου καὶ ἐπιλάβηται καὶ κατέχῃ τὸ περὶ τὰς Σέρρας εἰς τὴν τοποθεσίαν τῆς Καμενικείας διακείμενον μονύδριον τὸ εἰς ὅνομα τιμώμενον τοῦ παμμάκαρος ἁγίου Νικολάου, καὶ ἐπιμεληθῇ καὶ συστήσῃ καὶ βελτιώσῃ αὐτὸ καὶ ἔχῃ ὡς ἴδιον αὐτοῦ παρ’ ὅλην αὐτοῦ τὴν ζωήν, μετὰ δὲ τὴν ἀποβίωσιν αὐτοῦ). Kallinikos obtained in 1321 one third of the village Mamitzon. In 1322 he received two plots of land near Kamenikeia from the sebastos Athanasios, who was his spiritual son (ἡμεῖς οἱ ἐνταῦθα σιγνογραφήσαντες, ἀποχαριζόμεθα οἰκείᾳ βουλῇ καὶ θελήσει πρὸς σὲ τὸν ἐν μοναχοῖς τιμιώτατον καὶ κατὰ κύριον αὐθέντην καὶ πατέρα ἡμῶν κῦρ Καλλίνικον τὰ ἐκγονικόθεν ἡμῖν περιελθόντα χωράφια, τὰ ἐν τῇ τοποθεσίᾳ τῆς Καμενικείας εὑρισκομενα ἐν δυσὶ τόποις, ἀφ’ ὧν τὸ μὲν ἕν κομμάτιον τὸ πλησίον τοῦ πρωτοψάλτου, τὸ δὲ ἕτερον κομμάτιον πλησίον τοῦ ἀποιχομένου ἐκείνου Ῥάσκομον καλουμένου, τὰ ὅσα καὶ οἱα εἰσί, καθὼς ἐνέμοντο καὶ ἐδεσπόζοντο παρ’ ἡμῶν, καὶ ἔχειν σε ἐπ’ ἐξουσίᾳ τὸν ἐν μοναχοῖς τιμιώτατων κῦρ Καλλίνικον τὸν κατὰ κύριον αὐθέντην καὶ πατέρα ἡμῶν ποιεῖν ἐπ’ αὐτοῖς ὡς δόξει σοι, ἀφιερεῖσθαι ἐν τῇ σεβασμίᾳ μονῇ ἢ ἔνθα βούλει, ἡμῶν ἀποβαλλομένων τὴν τῶν εἰρημένων χωραφίων δεσποτείαν, ποιεῖν δὲ ἐν αὐτοῖς τὸν συνήθη παρ’ ἡμῶν δεφενσίωνα· διὰ γὰρ τοῦτο ἐγεγόνει καὶ τὸ παρὸν ἡμέτερον γράμμα καὶ ἐπεδόθη σοι τῷ εἰρημένῳ μοι αὐθέντῃ καὶ πατρὶ κῦρ Καλλινίκῳ εἰς βεβαίαν ἀσφάλειαν). The Metropolitan of Thessalonike granted the Monastery of Saint George Kanites in Thessalonike to Kallinikos. The Byzantine Emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos confirmed the donation of the Metropolitan of Thessalonike in July 1323 (Ἐπεὶ ὁ ἱερώτατος μητροπολίτης Θεσσαλονίκης ἔξαρχος πάσης Θετταλίας καὶ ὑπέρτιμος δέδωκε διὰ γράμματος αὐτοῦ πρὸς τὸν τιμιώτατον ἱερομόναχον κῦρ Καλλίνικον τὴν ἐντὸς τῆς θεοσώστου πόλεως Θεσσαλονίκης σεβασμίαν μονὴν τὴν ἐπ’ ὀνόματι τετιμημένην τοῦ ἁγίου ἐνδόξου μεγαλομάρτυρος καὶ τροπαιοφόρου Γεωργίου καὶ ἐπικεκλημένην τοῦ Κανίτου μετὰ πάσης τῆς νομῆς καὶ τῶν δικαίων αὐτῆς, προέβη δὲ εἰς τοῦτο καὶ χρυσόβουλλον τοῦ ἁγίου μου αὐθέντου καὶ βασιλέως τοῦ πάππου τῆς βασιλείας μου, καὶ ἐδεήθη ὁ ῥηθεὶς ἱερομόναχος κῦρ Καλλίνικος τυχεῖν καὶ χρυσοβούλλου τῆς βασιλείας μου, ἡ βασιλεία μου τὴν τοιαύτην παράκλησιν αὐτοῦ προσδεξαμένη διὰ τὸν ἀγῶνα καὶ τὴν ἐπιμέλειαν καὶ τὴν σπουδήν, ἣν δεικνύει εἰς τὰς δουλείας τῆς βασιλείας ἡμῶν, καὶ διὰ τὴν εὔνοιαν καὶ τὸν ζῆλον καὶ τὴν πίστιν, ἣν τρέφει ἀκραιφνῆ εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν μου, καὶ ὅτι κατανοεῖ αὐτὸν τῆς αὐτῆς μέλλοντα ἔχεσθαι καὶ ἔτι προθέσεως, τὸν παρόντα χρυσόβουλλον λόγον αὐτῆς προβῆναι εὐδοκεῖ, δι’ οὗ προστάσσει καὶ διορίζεται κατέχειν τὸν τοιοῦτον ἱερομόναχον κῦρ Καλλίνικον τὴν ῥηθεῖσαν μονὴν μετὰ τῶν αὐτῇ προσόντων πάντων ἀναφαιρέτως, ἀνενοχλήτως παντάπασι καὶ ἀδιασείστως, ἐφ’ ὅρῳ τῆς αὐτοῦ βιοτῆς, καὶ ἔχειν ἄδειαν συνιστᾶν καὶ βελτιοῦν καὶ αὔξειν αὐτὴν καθὼς ἂν προαιρῆται καὶ δύνηται). He donated the monastery of Saint Nicholas in Kamenikeia near Serres to the Hilandar Monastery in October 1323. The Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos confirmed his endowment in September 1327.
Karabides Georgios	Person	According to the Vita of Saint Nicodemus written by the Patriarch of Constantinople Philotheos Kokkinos he was a Serb. But his name does not sound like a Serbian anthroponym in any way. Either Karabides himself derived the Greek variant from the word καραβίς, which means ship, and adopted it as his name, or Kokkinos simply translated his original Serbian epithet, which actually expressed his professional activity, into Greek in order to make it more accessible to the public. Mentioned in the charter from 28 June 1336, which has been preserved in the archives of the town Dubrovnik and in the Life of Saint Nicodemus written by the Patriarch of Constantinople Philotheos Kokkinos. His son-in-law was Ioannes Liberos (Oliuer Gherchinich, baro domini Regis Raxie et gener Charauide). He came to Thessalonike from Dalmatia according to the Vita of Saint Nicodemus. Philotheos Kokkinos designates him as a deserter. He was afflicted by a terrible paralysis. He spent almos all of his fortune on doctors. Finally he was healed at the shrine of the Saint Nicodemus sometimes after 1307 (Γεώργιός τις τὸ γένος Τριβαλλός, τὴν ἐπωνυμίαν Καραβίδης, ἐκ Δαλματίας ὁρμώμενος, ἧκέ ποτε Ῥωμαίοις αὐτόμολος· οὗτος εἶχε τὰς διατριβὰς κατὰ Θεσσαλονίκην. Καί ποτε τούτῳ πάρεσις δεινὴ μάλα ἐπισκήπτει, ἣν ἄρα καὶ φύσις καὶ τέχνη ἰατρικὴ ἀπειρήκει, τὸ χαλεπὸν ταύτης, ὥσπερ οἶμαι, μυσαττομένη. Πολλὰ τοιγαροῦν καμὼν καὶ ἰατροῖς δήπου τὸν ἅπαντα βίον σχεδὸν ἀναλωκὼς οὐδὲν ἐκεῖθεν ἀπώνατο ἢ τὸ καταγνῶναι πάντως ἐκείνων. Ὀψὲ δὲ καὶ μόλις ἑαυτὸν ἀνενέγκας, ἔγνω δεῖν καὶ πρὸς τὸ τοῦ ἁγίου τοῦδε τέμενος καταφυγεῖν. Καὶ δὴ θᾶττον ἐκεῖσε γεγονὼς πολλὰ τὸν ἅγιον ἱκετεύει, ναὶ μὴν καὶ δάκρυσι, τὸ ἀνυσιμώτατον εἰς πειθὼ φάρμακον, κατὰ τῆς ἱερᾶς τοῦ ἁγίου ἐκχέει σοροῦ, καὶ τηνικαῦτα τοῦ πάθους μὲν εὐθὺς ἀπαλλάσσεται, τῷ ἰδίῳ δὲ οἴκῳ ὑγιὴς χαίρων ἐπάνεισιν). Georgios Karabides gave in pawn a silver belt, silver drawer and 195 ducats in gold to Junije Lukarević. Ioannes Liberos, the son-in-law of Georgios Karabides, stated on 28th June 1336 in the presence of Nikola Falletro, the comes of the town of Ragusa, that he received the former treasury of Karabides from Junije Lukarević. Liberos swore that he will give the treasury to the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan and request a charter for Junije Lukarević from the king, which will confirm the receipt of treasury and ruled out the possibility of demand by the king, Liberos or the children of Karabides (Oliuer Gherchinich, baro domini Regis Raxie et gener Charauide, constitutes ante presentiam nobilis et potentis viri domini Nicolai Falletro, honorabilis comitis Ragusii, contentus e confessus fuit habuisse et recepisse et apud se habere a Junio de Lucarom de Ragusio unam centuram de argento et unam ladicam de argento, ponderis inter ambas librarum tredecim et unciarum V, et centum nonaginta quinque ducatos de auro, que centura et ladica et ducati acomandati fuerunt per dictum Carauidam, socerum olim dicti Oliueri, eidem Junio, ut idem Junius confessus fuit. Et similiter idem Oliverius confessus fuit tantas fuisse res et ducatos, accomandatas eidem Junio per dictum Charauidam et non plures, cum infrascriptis pactis et condictionibus, uidelicet quod ipse Oliuerius teneatur et debeat predictam centuram et ladicam et ducatos dare in manibus domini Regis Raxie in presentia Petri de Ribica et Marini filii Junii de Uolcasso de Ragusio et fieri facere ab ipso Rege eidem Junio de Lucaro unam apouiliam, sigillatam suo sigillo, continentem, qualiter ipse dominus Rex uel suus successor nec frater, filii seu filia dicti Charauidi seu aliqua alia persona de dicta centura et ladica et ducatis non possint facere uel mouere aliquam litem uel questionem in regno Raxie et Slauonie seu in aliquo loco, in curia uel extra, eidem Junio). According to the later historian Mauro Orbini a certain Karabides Fratnut with Đuraš Ilijić were among the closest counsellors of the Serbian Young King Stefan Uroš Dušan. They were with the young king, when he planned to owerthrow the government of his father Stefan Uroš III Dečanski.
Kobatzes	Person	It is not clear, if he is the same person as Covac(er), a nobleman of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan, who received two pieces of blankets in the value of 60 perpers as a gift from the Ragusans on 5th July 1336 (donentur Covacero barono domini regis due petie valoris ypp. LX). Mentioned for the year 1342 by the Byzantine historian Ioannes Kantakuzenos. He was one of the dignitaries (οἱ ἐν τέλει πάντες τῶν Τριβαλῶν), who served the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan. He was against the handing over of Ioannes VI Kantakuzenos to the Byzantine Empress Anna Palaiologina. He threatened Georgios Lukas and Makarios, the Metropolitan of Thessalonike, who were sent as emissaries by Anna to the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan, with death (τις ἐξ αὐτῶν Κοβάτζης ὠνομασμένος φανερῶς ἀντεῖπε καὶ ἠπείλησε θάνατον τοῖς πρέσβεσιν, εἰ μὴ τάχιον ἀπαλλάττοιντο).
Kostanьdinь	Person	Identical with Konstantin Dragaš (Konstantinos Dragases)? Mentioned in the second charter of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of Treskavec. The source denotes him as a sevastokratorovikь. Therefore he might be the son of an unknown sevastokrator. He donated the settlement site Kostino with all its rights to the Treskavec Monastery. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan confirmed the gift in the second charter for the Treskavec Monastery (Selište Kostino, što priloži Kostanьdinь sevastokratorovikь, sь vsěmi pravinami).
Kotanitzes Tornikios	Person	Mentioned in the sources from 1280 to 1306. He was Monk of the Peribleptos Monastery in Constantinople in 1280–1283 and monk of the Μεγίστη μονή in Prusa, 1283. He held the position of Deputy commander (ὑποστράτηγος) during his stay at the Serbian court, 1297. As an outlaw, who rebelled against the Byzantine Emperor, he joined the Serbs before 1280. In 1280 he commanded the Serbian troops and plundered the Macedonian borderland till Serres. He was captured by the Byzantines. In 1283 he fled from the Μεγίστη μονή in Prusa and sought asylum at the Serbian court. Around 1297 he together with the Serbian troops looted the border regions of Macedonia. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin handed over Kotanitzes Tornikios to Byzantines as a consequence of the peace agreement. Kotanitzes Tornikios is attested in 1306. Probably he was still in prison. According to the historian Georgios Pachymeres the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos ordered to put the rebellious general Kassianos in prison together with Kotanitzes Tornikios. Gordana Tomović assumes that Kotanitzes Tornikios is the same person as the Despot Tornikos from the inscription of the gramatikь Nestorь in the Church of Saint George at Gorni Kozjak
Koteanitzes Leon	Person	Mentioned in the charter of the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II. Palaiologos from 1293. He was κῦρ and an οἰκεῖος of the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos. The Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos donated in 1293 the land in Preasnitza with mills and nut trees, which was held by the Vlachs before, to Leon Koteanitzes in appreciation of his military service against the enemies (Ἐπεὶ ὁ οἰκεῖος τ̣ῆ̣ βασιλεία μου κῦρ Λέων ὁ Κοτεανίτζης ἐπέδειξε μὲν τὴ̣ν̣ πρὸς τὴν βασιλείαν μου πίστιν καὶ ὑπόληψιν αὐ̣τοῦ ἀκραιφνῆ καὶ ἐφάνη κατὰ διαφόρους καιρ̣ο̣ὺ̣ς̣ χρή̣σιμος καὶ λυσιτ̣ε̣λὴς ἐξαιρ̣έ̣τ̣ω̣ς̣ εἰς ἐ̣π̣ι̣θέσεις ἐχθρῶν, ἀπειλούντων β̣λάβην μ̣ε̣γ̣άλην καὶ ζημίαν εἰς τὴν χώραν̣ καὶ ε̣ἰ̣ς̣ τὰ κάσ̣τ̣ρα τῆ̣ς̣ βασιλείας μου, ἐζήτησε δὲ καὶ παρε̣κάλεσε χ̣ρ̣υ̣σοβούλλο̣υ̣ τυ̣χεῖν τῆ̣ς βασιλείας μο̣υ̣ ἐπὶ τῶ κατέχειν τ̣ὴ̣ν̣ εἰς τὴν Π̣ρ̣ε̣άσνιτζαν εὑρισκομένην γῆν, ἥτις ἀπεσπάσθη ἀπὸ διαφόρων Βλάχ̣ω̣ν̣, τ̣ὴ̣ν̣ παράκλησιν α̣ὐ̣τοῦ εὐμενῶς προσδεξαμένη ἡ βασιλεία μου̣ τὸ̣ν παρόντα̣ χ̣ρ̣υ̣σόβουλλον ΛΌΓΟΝ ἐπιχορηγεῖ καὶ ἐ̣πιβραβεύει αὐτῶ, δι’ οὗ π̣ροστάσσει καὶ δ̣ι̣ορίζεται κατέχε̣ι̣ν̣ τ̣ὸν τ̣ο̣ιοῦτον οἰκεῖον τῆ βασιλεία̣ μου κῦρ Λέοντα τὸν Κο̣τε̣α̣ν̣ίτζην τὴν ὅλην γῆν καὶ π̣εριο̣χὴν τ̣ῆς Πρεάσνιτζας μετ̣ὰ τῶν ἐκεῖσ̣ε̣ εὑρισκομένων μυλώνων καὶ καρυῶν, ἥ̣τις̣ ἄρχε̣ται ἀπὸ τοῦ συνόρου τοῦ Πέτρου κ̣α̣ὶ̣ ἀνέρχεται τὸ ἀν̣απόταμον δι’ ὅ̣λου τοῦ ποτα̣μοῦ τῆς Πρε̣ασνίτζου).
Kraikos	Person	Mentioned in the sources from 1340/1341 to 1381. He was the son of Ioannes Liberos (᾿Ιωάννης Λίβερος, Jovan Oliver) and Maria Liberissa (Μαρία Λιβέρισσα, Ana Marija,). His uncle was Mpogdanos (Μπογδάνος, Bogdan). He was the brother of Damianos (Δαμιανός, Damjan), Vidoslavь, Dabiživь, Rusinь, Oliverь and Danica. According to the stone inscription above the Western Entrance of the Katholikon in the Monastery of Saint Archangel Michael and Holy Father Gabriel in Lěsnovo from 1340/1341, his father Ioannes Liberos, his mother Maria Liberissa and he sponsored the reconstruction and the painted decoration of the monastery. Ioannes Liberos, Maria Liberissa and Kraikos (Κράϊκος, Krajko) endowed the Monastery of Saint Archangel Michael and Holy Father Gabriel in Lěsnovo with lands in the surrounding area (sьzda se světlyi i čьs(t)nъï.hramь.velikago vojevode vьïšnih silь. Arhistratiga Mihaila. Sьzda se i sьvrьši se. Vь dni Stefan(a) kral(a). Sь trudomь. Ï podanijemь raba B(ož)ija Ïōan(a) veikago voevode Ōlivera. I podružija ego rabu B(o)žiju Annu. Maru i vьzljublennago emu s(y)na Kraika. V(ь) lět(o). ƺ.ō.m.ḟ. se že sela i metohïe. Selo konь crkve Lěsnovo. Sь zaselkomъ Lukovu i u Bakově crkvь S(ve)t(o)ga Nikole sь selomь. Ï na rěcě zaselьkь Globica i selo Dobrьevo i u Drěvěnoi. S(ve)tьï Elisei i zaslьk Peštno i S(ve)ty Prokopije. I katunь Vlah(a) na Stroi i u Štipě S(ve)ty Nikola pop Sïfievь. i. k. kukei). Ioannes Liberos together with his wife and his sons Kraikos (Κράϊκος, Krajko) and Damianos (Δαμιανός, Damjan) were the patrons of the parecclesion of the Saint John the Baptist in the Church of Saint Sophia in Ōhrid. The chapel was erected between the years 1347–1350. Ioannes Liberos together with his wife and their son Damianos (Δαμιανός, Damjan) are depicted within the ktitorial composition on the western wall of the chapel. The portrait of Kraikos (Κράϊκος, Krajko) is situated on the northern wall of the chapel. Ioannes Liberos, Maria Liberissa, Kraikos (Κράϊκος, Krajko) and Damianos (Δαμιανός, Damjan) sponsored a new narthex as a addition to the Monastery of Saint Archangel Michael and Holy Father Gabriel in Lěsnovo. The painted ktitorial composition with Ioannes Liberos, Maria Liberissa (Μαρία Λιβέρισσα, Ana Marija), Kraikos (Κράϊκος, Krajko) and Damianos (Δαμιανός, Damjan) is on the northern wall of the narthex. The fresco inscription above the entrance from the narthex to the naos gives details about the donors and the date 1349, when the narthex was decorated (Ἀνηγέρθη ἐκ βάθρων, καὶ ἀνηστορίθη ὁ θεῖος καὶ πάνσεπτος ναὸς τοῦ ταξιαρχου Μιχ δι’ ἐξόδου τοῦ πανευτυχεστάτου δεσπότου Ιωάννου τοῦ Λύβερί. καὶ τῆς πανευτυχεστάτης βασιλείσης Μαρίας τῆς Λυβερίσης καὶ τῶν τέκνων αὐτῶν, Κραίκου καὶ Δαμιανοῦ. ἐπὶ τῆς βασιλεί Στεφάνου καὶ Ἐλένης, καὶ τοῦ ύιοῦ αὐτῶν κράλη τοῦ Οὐροσι μηνὶ αὐγύστῳ ѕʹ ἔτους ϛωνζ ἰνδ β). According to the charter of the Serbian Despot Konstantin Dragaš for the Hilandar Monastery from 15th August 1381 Maria Liberissa expressed short before her death the will that the Monastery of Saint Archangel Michael and Holy Father Gabriel in Lěsnovo should devolve after her death on the Hilandar Monastery. Her sons Kraikos (Κράϊκος, Krajko) and Rusinь confirmed that their mother wanted to donate the Monastery of Saint Archangel Michael and Holy Father Gabriel in Lěsnovo to the Hilandar Monastery (I kako je i despotica Ōlivera despota na sьmrьti rekla i sь synōma svoima Kraikōmь i Rusinomь da je paki tai crьkvь Hilandaru).
Liberissa Maria	Person	The hypothesis of J. Radonić that Maria Liberissa was identical with Maria Palaiologina (Μαρία Παλαιολογίνα) was refuted by M. Laskaris. Mentioned in the sources between 1340/1341 and 1349. She is mentioned as a deceased person in the charter of the Serbian Despot Konstantin Dragaš for the Hilandar Monastery from the 15th August 1381. She appears as Despotica (1347–1350, before 1381) and βασίλισσα (1349). It is not clear, if her father was Georgios Karabides (Γεώργιος Καραβίδης). She was married to Ioannes Liberos (᾿Ιωάννης Λίβερος, Jovan Oliver). They had together six sons (Kraikos [Κράϊκος, Krajko], Damianos [Δαμιανός, Damjan], Vidoslavь, Dabiživь, Rusinь, Oliverь) and one daughter (Danica). According to the stone inscription above the Western Entrance of the Katholikon in the Monastery of Saint Archangel Michael and Holy Father Gabriel in Lěsnovo from 1340/1341, she, her husband Ioannes Liberos (Ioan Oliver) and her son Kraikos (Κράϊκος, Krajko) sponsored the reconstruction and the painted decoration of the monastery. She, her husband and her son Kraikos (Κράϊκος, Krajko) endowed the Monastery of Saint Archangel Michael and Holy Father Gabriel in Lěsnovo with lands in the surrounding area (sьzda se světlyi i čьs(t)nъï.hramь.velikago vojevode vьïšnih silь. Arhistratiga Mihaila. Sьzda se i sьvrьši se. Vь dni Stefan(a) kral(a). Sь trudomь. Ï podanijemь raba B(ož)ija Ïōan(a) veikago voevode Ōlivera. I podružija ego rabu B(o)žiju Annu. Maru i vьzljublennago emu s(y)na Kraika. V(ь) lět(o). ƺ.ō.m.ḟ. se že sela i metohïe. Selo konь crkve Lěsnovo. Sь zaselkomъ Lukovu i u Bakově crkvь S(ve)t(o)ga Nikole sь selomь. Ï na rěcě zaselьkь Globica i selo Dobrьevo i u Drěvěnoi. S(ve)tьï Elisei i zaslьk Peštno i S(ve)ty Prokopije. I katunь Vlah(a) na Stroi i u Štipě S(ve)ty Nikola pop Sïfievь. i. k. kukei). Her name appears on a metal polycandilion with an inscribed medallion, which was ordered for the Monastery of Saint Archangel Michael and Holy Father Gabriel in Lěsnovo by Ioannes Liberos, when he held the position of the Grand Duke (voevoda oliver anna marija). Maria Liberissa together with her husband and her sons Kraikos (Κράϊκος, Krajko) and Damianos (Δαμιανός, Damjan) were the patrons of the parecclesion of the Saint John the Baptist in the Church of Saint Sophia in Ōhrid. The chapel was erected between the years 1347–1350. Maria Liberissa together with her husband and her son Damianos (Δαμιανός, Damjan) are depicted within the ktitorial composition on the western wall of the chapel. The portrait of Kraikos (Κράϊκος, Krajko) is situated on the northern wall of the chapel. Maria Liberissa and her family sponsored a new narthex as a addition to the Monastery of Saint Archangel Michael and Holy Father Gabriel in Lěsnovo. The painted ktitorial composition with Ioannes Liberos, Maria Liberissa (Μαρία Λιβέρισσα, Ana Marija), Kraikos (Κράϊκος, Krajko) and Damianos (Δαμιανός, Damjan) is on the northern wall of the narthex. The fresco inscription above the entrance from the narthex to the naos gives details about the donors and the date 1349, when the narthex was decorated (Ἀνηγέρθη ἐκ βάθρων, καὶ ἀνηστορίθη ὁ θεῖος καὶ πάνσεπτος ναὸς τοῦ ταξιαρχου Μιχ δι’ ἐξόδου τοῦ πανευτυχεστάτου δεσπότου Ιωάννου τοῦ Λύβερί. καὶ τῆς πανευτυχεστάτης βασιλείσης Μαρίας τῆς Λυβερίσης καὶ τῶν τέκνων αὐτῶν, Κραίκου καὶ Δαμιανοῦ. ἐπὶ τῆς βασιλεί Στεφάνου καὶ Ἐλένης, καὶ τοῦ ύιοῦ αὐτῶν κράλη τοῦ Οὐροσι μηνὶ αὐγύστῳ ѕʹ ἔτους ϛωνζ ἰνδ β). According to the charter of the Serbian Despot Konstantin Dragaš for the Hilandar Monastery from 15th August 1381 Maria Liberissa expressed short before her death the will that the Monastery of Saint Archangel Michael and Holy Father Gabriel in Lěsnovo should devolve after her death on the Hilandar Monastery. (I kako je i despotica Ōlivera despota na sьmrьti rekla i sь synōma svoima Kraikōmь i Rusinomь da je paki tai crьkvь Hilandaru).
Liberos Ioannes	Person	Mentioned in several sources between 1336 and 1354. The inscription placed next to the portrait of Ioannes Liberos on the north wall of the naos in the Monastery of Saint Archangel Michael and Holy Father Gabriel in Lěsnovo lists all dignities, which were granted to him during his career (azь rabь hristovь iōanь ōliverь po milosti božiei i gospodina mi krala stefana bihь u srьblemь veliky čelnikь potom veliki sulga potomь veliki voevoda potomь veliky sevastokratorь i/a za věrnoe emu porabotanije po milosti božiei i veliki despotь vseja srьbskije zemle i pomorьskije i učestnikь grьkomь). Srdjan Pirivatrić presumes that the titles of grand sebastrokrator, grand despot and učestnik, were bestowed upon Ioannes Liberos by Byzantine imperial authorities before coronation of the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan in 1346. He held the position of veliki čelnik, before 1341. veliki sluga (megas domestikos), 1332–1341 (ja sluga veli Ōliverь/Iōanь veliki sluga Ōliverь vьse srpskie zemlie i pomorskie). veliki vojvoda (megas dux) 1341/1342 (sь trudomь i podanijemь raba božija ioana velikago voevode olivera; Veliki voevoda Ōlïver povelě pisati, a Stanislavь pisa; ōbьdrьžeštu ōblastiju vseju ōvčepolьskoju velikomu vojevodě Ōliveru, vь horě Zletovcěi; jegože velikyi vojevoda Ōliverь sьzda is temelja; povelěnijemь gospodina velikago vojevode Ōlivera; Bogь da prostitь velikago vojevodu Ōlivera). He was the son-in-law of Georgios Karabides (Γεώργιος Καραβίδης). His brother was Mpogdanos (Μπογδάνος, Bogdan). He was married to Maria Liberissa (Μαρία Λιβέρισσα, Ana Marija). He had six sons (Kraikos [Κράϊκος, Krajko], Damianos [Δαμιανός, Damjan], Vidoslavь, Dabiživь, Rusinь, Oliverь) and one daughter (Danica). Already in 1334 he got acquainted with Ioannes Kantakuzenos during the meeting between the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos and Stefan Uroš IV Dušan in Rhadobosdion (Radovište). They became friends. Jovan Oliver entrusted before 1341 his subordinate Todorь with the task to settle the deserted settlement site Sveti Dimitrije in Jastrebnica, which was in possession of the Monastery of Saint Demetrius in Kočane. Jovan Oliver issued between 1332 and 1341 a charter, in which were listed the rights and duties of Todorь at Sveti Dimitrije in Jastrebnica (Naidohь selište pusto Svetago Dimitrija u Jastrebnicě i podahь moga člověka Todora, koi mi se prěda izь Grьkь, po ruce da naseli ōmozi selo). Ioannes Liberos, the son-in-law of Georgios Karabides, stated on 28th June 1336 in the presence of Nikola Falletro, the comes of the town of Ragusa, that he received the former treasury of Karabides from Junije Lukarević. Ioannes Liberos swore that he will give the treasury to the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan and request a charter for Junije Lukarević from the king, which will confirm the receipt of treasury and ruled out the possibility of demand by the king, Liberos or the children of Karabides (Oliuer Gherchinich, baro domini Regis Raxie et gener Charauide, constitutes ante presentiam nobilis et potentis viri domini Nicolai Falletro, honorabilis comitis Ragusii, contentus e confessus fuit habuisse et recepisse et apud se habere a Junio de Lucarom de Ragusio unam centuram de argento et unam ladicam de argento, ponderis inter ambas librarum tredecim et unciarum V, et centum nonaginta quinque ducatos de auro, que centura et ladica et ducati acomandati fuerunt per dictum Carauidam, socerum olim dicti Oliueri, eidem Junio, ut idem Junius confessus fuit. Et similiter idem Oliverius confessus fuit tantas fuisse res et ducatos, accomandatas eidem Junio per dictum Charauidam et non plures, cum infrascriptis pactis et condictionibus, uidelicet quod ipse Oliuerius teneatur et debeat predictam centuram et ladicam et ducatos dare in manibus domini Regis Raxie in presentia Petri de Ribica et Marini filii Junii de Uolcasso de Ragusio et fieri facere ab ipso Rege eidem Junio de Lucaro unam apouiliam, sigillatam suo sigillo, continentem, qualiter ipse dominus Rex uel suus successor nec frater, filii seu filia dicti Charauidi seu aliqua alia persona de dicta centura et ladica et ducatis non possint facere uel mouere aliquam litem uel questionem in regno Raxie et Slauonie seu in aliquo loco, in curia uel extra, eidem Junio). Ioannes Liberos owned and received from the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan landed estates in the region of Ovče Pole, Zletovo and Tikveš for his service. According to the stone inscription above the Western Entrance of the Katholikon in the Monastery of Saint Archangel Michael and Holy Father Gabriel in Lěsnovo from 1340/1341, he, his wife and his son Kraikos (Κράϊκος, Krajko) sponsored the reconstruction and the painted decoration of the monastery. He, his wife and his Kraikos (Κράϊκος, Krajko) endowed the Monastery of Saint Archangel Michael and Holy Father Gabriel in Lěsnovo with lands in the surrounding area (sьzda se světlyi i čьs(t)nъï.hramь.velikago vojevode vьïšnih silь. Arhistratiga Mihaila. Sьzda se i sьvrьši se. Vь dni Stefan(a) kral(a). Sь trudomь. Ï podanijemь raba B(ož)ija Ïōan(a) veikago voevode Ōlivera. I podružija ego rabu B(o)žiju Annu. Maru i vьzljublennago emu s(y)na Kraika. V(ь) lět(o). ƺ.ō.m.ḟ. se že sela i metohïe. Selo konь crkve Lěsnovo. Sь zaselkomъ Lukovu i u Bakově crkvь S(ve)t(o)ga Nikole sь selomь. Ï na rěcě zaselьkь Globica i selo Dobrьevo i u Drěvěnoi. S(ve)tьï Elisei i zaslьk Peštno i S(ve)ty Prokopije. I katunь Vlah(a) na Stroi i u Štipě S(ve)ty Nikola pop Sïfievь. i. k. kukei). He supplied the monastery with the Menaion. The scribe Stanislavь, who wrote the menaion, recorded, that Ioannes Liberos donated also frames for the screen icons and church vessels to the monastery with the intention to grant the monastery to the Hilandar Monastery (velikyi vojevoda ōliverь sьzda is temelija i sьvrьšivь i popisa i vsakimi dorotami ukrasivь, sьsudï zlatьïmi i srebrьnьïmi pokova velikyje ikony srebromь i zlatomь, jakože jestь lěpo domь božii ukrašati, podavь sela i metohije i pašišta i livade i planine milostiōvь kralevovь utvrьdivь vse sinore i zapisavь zlatopečatnymь hrisovulomь i prědastь ju u svetu goru stoi bogorodici hilandarьskoi sь vsakymь utvrьždenijemь). As a Grand Duke, Ioannes Liberos, ordered the fabrication of a metal polycandilion with an inscribed medallion for the Monastery of Saint Archangel Michael and Holy Father Gabriel in Lěsnovo (voevoda oliver anna marija). When the Byzantine Emperor Ioannes VI Kantakuzenos had proceeded in 1342 with his army along the right bank of the river Vardar, he discovered the forces of Ioannes Liberos near Belesos (Veles). The Byzantine emperor sent an envoy to Liberos in order to remind him of the friendly contacts they had before. Very short after the Byzantine Emperor Ioannes VI Kantakuzenos had crossed the river, Ioannes Liberos hosted him and his troops for three days. The Byzantine Emperor Ioannes VI Kantakuzenos, who placed reliance on Liberos, even proposed a marriage between his son Manuel and Danica, the daughter of Liberos. Ioannes Liberos provided accomodation for the Byzatine emperor and his troops in Skopje. In the meantime Liberos visited the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan in the area of Morava. Liberos persuaded the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan to receive the Byzantine Emperor Ioannes VI Kantakuzenos favourably. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan then sent Mpogdanos (Μπογδάνος, Bogdan), the brother of Ioannes Liberos, to the Byzantine Emperor Ioannes VI Kantakuzenos in order to let him know about his soon arrival in Tao (Pauni) near Pristenon (Priština). In July/August 1342 the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan formed an alliance with the Byzantine Emperor Ioannes VI Kantakuzenos. Ioannes Liberos brought the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan to convince the Byzantine Emperor Ioannes VI Kantakuzenos in regard of the engagment beween Danica and Manuel. Ioannes Liberos then accompanied the Byzantine Emperor with the Serbian auxiliary forces on the campaign to the town Serres. He fell ill before the gates of town of Serres. As sebastokrator Ioannes Liberos donated another medallion with monogramms for the polycandilion in the Monastery of Saint Archangel Michael and Holy Father Gabriel in Lěsnovo. The monastic endowment of Ioannes Liberos became a seat of new founded Episcopy of Zletovo between 1346 and 1347, which is documented in the charter of confirmation issued by the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan (v’seljubimomu vlastelinu svetago carьsva mi despotu Ōliveru, iže jestь sьzdalь svetyi hramь ōnь ōtь osnovanija, iže vь městě Lěsnově, i ukrasivь v’sěkymi lěpotami crьkьvnymi, i udarovavь sel’mi i sь zaselьci, i sь planinami, i sь pročïimi ōtesy zemlje te). Ioannes Liberos together with his wife and his sons Kraikos (Κράϊκος, Krajko) and Damianos (Δαμιανός, Damjan) were the patrons of the parecclesion of the Saint John the Baptist in the Church of Saint Sophia in Ōhrid. The chapel was erected between the years 1347–1350. Ioannes Liberos together with his wife and his son Damianos (Δαμιανός, Damjan) are depicted within the ktitorial composition on the western wall of the chapel. The portrait of Kraikos (Κράϊκος, Krajko) is situated on the northern wall of the chapel. Ioannes Liberos and his family sponsored a new narthex as a addition to the Monastery of Saint Archangel Michael and Holy Father Gabriel in Lěsnovo. The painted ktitorial composition with Ioannes Liberos, Maria Liberissa (Μαρία Λιβέρισσα, Ana Marija), Kraikos (Κράϊκος, Krajko) and Damianos (Δαμιανός, Damjan) is on the northern wall of the narthex. The fresco inscription above the entrance from the narthex to the naos gives details about the donors and the date 1349, when the narthex was decorated (Ἀνηγέρθη ἐκ βάθρων, καὶ ἀνηστορίθη ὁ θεῖος καὶ πάνσεπτος ναὸς τοῦ ταξιαρχου Μιχ δι’ ἐξόδου τοῦ πανευτυχεστάτου δεσπότου Ιωάννου τοῦ Λύβερί. καὶ τῆς πανευτυχεστάτης βασιλείσης Μαρίας τῆς Λυβερίσης καὶ τῶν τέκνων αὐτῶν, Κραίκου καὶ Δαμιανοῦ. ἐπὶ τῆς βασιλεί Στεφάνου καὶ Ἐλένης, καὶ τοῦ ύιοῦ αὐτῶν κράλη τοῦ Οὐροσι μηνὶ αὐγύστῳ ѕʹ ἔτους ϛωνζ ἰνδ β). Ioannes Liberos appears for the last time in the papal letter from May 1354, in which Innocent VI. sent the identical instructions for the most powerful nobles in the Serbian empire, who contributed to the possibility of an union between the Serbian and Roman churches (Oliverio despoto Serviae).
Lyzikos Georgios	Person	Died in 1351. He was a commandant of the soldiers at the acropolis in Thessalonike, 1328. He held the position of the governor of Edessa (Vodena), 1350–1351 (Λυζικὸς δὲ ὁ τῆς πόλεως ἄρχων). He came from Beroia. He defended the acropolis of Thessalonike against Andronikos III Palaiologos, just after the Byzantine Emperor had conquered the town. His soldiers forced him to handover the acropolis of Thessalonike to Andronikos III Palaiologos. He deafeated the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan at Kastoria. The Byzantine Emperor Ioannes VI Kantakuzenos appointed him 1350 as governor of the town Edessa (Vodena), which was captured by the Byzantine army recently. He was injured in Edessa (Vodena) during the Serbian invasion of the town. The Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan let Lyzikos’ beard to pull out as an act of revenge. Lyzikos was sent in chains to Skopje. He died on the way.
Makrodukas	Person	Mentioned for the year 1350/1351 by the Byzantine historian Ioannes Kantakuzenos. He was the commander of the garrison at Edessa (Vodena), 1350/1351 . The Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan released him for the promise to lay down his arms, after the conquest of the town Edessa (Vodena) in 1350/1351 (ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ ἡ ἄκρα εἴχετο, τὴν μὲν φρουρὰν καὶ Μακροδούκαν τὸν ἄρχοντα ἀπέλυεν ὁ Κράλης κατὰ τοὺς ὅρκους, τὰ ὅπλα μόνον ἀφελόμενος).
Maurophoros Michael	Person	Mentioned in the sources between 1327 and 1356. He appears between 1327 and 1335 as οἰκεῖος of the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos and in 1348 as οἰκεῖος of the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan. He held the position of the κριτὴς τοῦ φοσσάτου (military judge), before 1348. He is attested as a military judge in Serres between 1327 and 1335. He was a Ioannes VI. Kantakuzenos supporter in the civil war. He possessed а 300 modioi large land near Neboliane called Harmenon. The Byzantine Emperor Ioannes V Palaiologos confiscated his land in November 1344 for the sake of treachery and gave it to the stratopedarches Ioannes Chumnos (καὶ τὴν Νεβόλιανιν τὴν καλουμένην Ἅρμενον, ἅπερ προκατεῖχεν ὁ ἄπιστος Μαυροφόρος). The Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan granted in April 1348 the endowment of Michael Maurophoros to the Batopedi Monastery. It consisted of his wife’s dowry, his hereditary land and of bought estates. Michael Maurophoros donated along these lands also houses in Zichna, vineyards, fields outside the town, summer residence in Gradistion with garden and houses, which he became from the Byzantine Emperor Ioannes V Palaiologos, to the Batopedi Monastery (ὁμοίως καὶ ὅσα ἀφιέρωσεν ὁ οἰκεῖος τῆ βασιλεία μου κριτὴς τοῦ φοσσάτου ὁ Μαυροφόρος ἀπὸ τε προικὸς αὐτοῦ καὶ γονικότητος καὶ ἐξ ἀγορασίας, τά τε ἐντὸς τοῦ κάστρου ὀσπήτια καὶ ἐκτός, ἀμπέλια καὶ χωράφια, μετὰ παντὸς τοῦ εἰς τὸ Γραδίστον καθίσματος, τοῦ περιβολίου καὶ τῶν οἰκημάτων καὶ πάσης τῆς νομῆς καὶ περιοχῆς αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὰ χωράφια ἅπερ εἶχε διὰ χρυσοβούλλου). The chrysobull charter of the Byzantine Emperor Ioannes V Palaiologos from September 1356 gives account that Michael Maurophoros bestowed more property on the Batopedi Monastery. He granted the Metochion of Saint Nicholas near Zichna (Χωρίον Ἁγίου Νικολάου τοῦ θαυματουργοῦ, ὅπερ δέδωκεν ὁ Μαυροφόρος), a zeugelateion (Τὸ ἐκεῖσε ζευγηλατεῖον τὸ ἀφιερωθὲν παρὰ τοῦ Μαυροφόρου καὶ καλούμενον) and a landed property near Drymon called Konchista (τὸ χωρίον τοῦ Μαυροφόρου ῃ Κογχίστα λεγόμενον) to the Batopedi Monastery.
Michael (2)	Person	Mentioned in a passage of the History of Ioannes Kantakuzenos, which describes the events in July 1342. He was the Governor of Prosek in 1342. He was the οἰκεῖος of Ioannes VI Kantakuzenos. He was a byzantine deserter in the service of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV. Dušan (ὃς δὴ Μιχαὴλ, τῶν βασιλέως οἰκείων, ὡς ὕστερον αὐτὸς ἔφασκεν, ὢν, πρὸς Κράλην αὐτομολήσειεν ἔκ τινος αἰτίας). He received Ioannes VI Kantakuzenos, supplied his army in Prosek and allowed him to pass the town.
Mpogdanos	Person	Mentioned in the sources between 1342 and 1371. He was a local ruler (governor) in Macedonia. He controlled the area of the Rhodopemountains according to the later byzantine historian Laonikos Chalkokondyles (Μπόγδανον τὸν τὴν Ῥοδόπην κατέχοντα). His brother was the Despot Jovan Oliver (Ioannes Liberos). He was sent by Stefan Uroš IV Dušan to the Byzantine Emperor Ioannes VI Kantakuzenos in order to greet him and to let him know that the Serbian king will soon arrive (πέμψαντες δὲ πρὸ αὐτῶν Μπογδάνον τὸν Λιβέρου ἀδελφὸν, ἠσπάζοντό τε βασιλέα καὶ ἐδήλουν, ὡς ὀλίγῳ ὕστερον ἀφιξόμενοι πρὸς ἐκεῖνον). The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan entrusted the region between Serres and the river Vardar to him, because he was skilled warrior and a good man according to the later byzantine historian Laonikos Chalkokondyles (τὰ δὲ ἀπὸ Φερρῶν ἔστε ἐπὶ Ἀξιὸν ποταμὸν Μπογδάνῳ ἀνδρὶ ἀγαθῷ καὶ τὰ ἐς πόλεμον οὐκ ἀδοκίμῳ). After the battle at the river Marica he became a vassal of the Ottoman Sultan Murad I. (μετὰ ταῦτα Μπόγδανον τὸν ταύτῃ ἡγεμόνα ὑπαγόμενος, ὥστε οἱ ἕπεσθαι σὺν τῇ αὐτοῦ στρατιᾷ).
Mpozikes	Person	Mentioned for the year 1343 by the Byzantine historian Ioannes Kantakuzenos. He was a commander of the Serbian military troops (ἡ στρατιὰ Τριβαλῶν, ἧς ἡγεῖται Μποζίκης τις προσαγορευόμενος καὶ Στέφανος δεύτερος, ἐκ πεζῶν καὶ ἱππέων ἠθροισμένη, πεμφθείη μὲν παρὰ Κράλη ἐπὶ τῷ βλάπτειν βασιλέα). He and his lieutenant Stephanos led the Serbian army consisting of footmen and horsemen, which stayed for the night at Gaurobon on the right bank of the river Vardar. When the Byzantine Emperor Ioannes VI Kantakuzenos with the troops had crossed the river, Mpozikes and Stephanos allegedly without the knowing of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan attacked the troops of Kantakuzenos. The Serbian Stefan Uroš IV Dušan sent him and Stephanos to Ioannes VI Kantakuzenos in order to be exercised by the jurisdiction of the Byzantine Emperor. Ioannes VI Kantakuzenos reprimanded him in Beroia and released him afterwards.
Mpraianes	Person	It is doubtful whether he is the same person as Župan Petar Brajan, who founded the Church Bela Crkva in Karan near Užice between the years 1340 and 1342 (Gospodi bože...raba blagorodivogь ktitora petra a zovomь župana braiana i sь podružiemь si sь struōmь i sь čedi svoimi). Mentioned for the year 1350 by the Byzantine historian Ioannes Kantakuzenos. He was the Governor of the town Chrysupolis (Amphipolis), summer 1350. He was a friend of the Byzantine Emperor Ioannes VI Kantakuzenos. He promised to persuade other acquitances of emperor willing to support military aid to Ioannes VI. Kantakuzenos (καὶ τὴν νύκτα ἐκείνην ὡρμίσατο ἐπ’ ἀγκυρῶν Ἀμφιπόλεως ἐγγὺς ὑπὸ Τριβαλῶν κατεχομένης. ἧς ἐπετρόπευε Μπραϊάνης, βασιλεῖ ἐς τὰ μάλιστα φίλος ὢν ἐκ τῆς πρὸς αὐτοὺς διατριβῆς· πρὸς ὃν ἀκατίου ἐπιβὰς νυκτὸς, ἀφίκετο εἰς Ἀμφίπολιν ὁ βασιλεὺς κρύφα καὶ διειλέχθη. ὁ δὲ τά τε πρὸς αὐτὸν εὖ διέθετο βασιλεῖ ἐπαγγειλάμενος πάντα ποιήσειν κατὰ γνώμην, καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις βασιλέως φίλοις ὑπέσχετο διαλεχθήσεσθαι, ἵν’ ἐν καιρῷ προσήκοντι χρήσιμοι ὀφθεῖεν βασιλεῖ).
Nestongos Dukas	Person	Mentioned in the sources between 1352 and 1360. He was designated as κὺρ. He appears as οἰκεῖος of the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan in the confirmation charter for the Monastery of Saint Anastasia near Zichna. The sources refer to him also as δοῦλος of the Serbian Empress Jelena (Helene). He held the office of Logothetes, since 1352; then of Governor of Serres (Nestegus capitaneus Seren.; Nestegus Zephalia Seren.), 1354 and finally of Megas Papias, 1360. His wife was Eudokia Nestongissa. The Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan confirmed in the year 1352 that the village Ostrina belonged to the Monastery of Saint Anastasia near Zichna. He ordered Georgios Dukas Nestongos (οἰκεῖος ὁ αὐτῆ κὺρ Γεώργιος ὁ λογοθέτης) to look after the inviolability of the rights of the monastery. He (Ὀ λογοθέτης Γεώργιος Δούκας ὁ Νεστόγγος) together with his wife (Σίγνον Ευδοκίας Παλαιολογίνης τῆς Νεστογγόνισας) possessed an orchard near Serres, which was partly a dowry and partly acquired by the couple. They donated it in 1353 to Monastery of Saint John Prodromos near Serres, which owned mills in the vicinity of the orchard, for exchange of life annuity payed to them by the monastery. He together with judge Božidar and Damjan from Kotor was sent by the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan in 1354 to the papal court in Avignon. He participated in the decision of the ecclesiastical court, which was summoned by Iakobos, the Metropolitan of Serres, concerning the metochion Saint Nicholas in Kamenikaia. He signed also the document issued by Iakobos in November 1360 (ὁ δοῦλος τῆς κραταιᾶς καὶ ἁγίας ἡμῶν κυρίας καὶ δεσποίνης Δούκας ὁ Νεστόγγος ὁ μέγας παπίας).
Nestorь	Person	He wrote a graffiti on the right side of the fresco of Christ Antiphonetes between 1340–1350 in the Church of Saint George in Gorni Kozjak. He worked as a gramatikь. Nestorь wrote his words in the time of Despot Kotanitzes Tornikios (Azь gramatikь Nestorь napisahь slova vь dьni dьnь despota Tornika).
Oliverь (3)	Person	Mentioned in the Lesnovski pomenik, a compilation of commemorations from the 16th to 18th century based on older sources. The terminus post quem for the entry regarding the family of the Despot Ioannes Liberos (᾿Ιωάννης Λίβερος, Jovan Oliver) is 1353. He died on 6th September of an unspecified year. This date of memorial service is recorded by a later hand in the Oliver’s menaion from 1342 (Belgrade, National Library, Old collection Nr. 62, fol. 95v: Prěstavi se Ōliverь [despo?]tь ·ѕ· dьnь sektebra měseca, věčna mu pametь). He was the son of of Ioannes Liberos (᾿Ιωάννης Λίβερος, Jovan Oliver) and Maria Liberissa (Μαρία Λιβέρισσα, Ana Marija,). His uncle was Mpogdanos (Μπογδάνος, Bogdan). He was the brother of Kraikos (Κράϊκος, Krajko), Damianos (Δαμιανός, Damjan), Dabiživь, Vidoslavь, Rusinь and Danica. He is attested in the Lesnovo pomenik along with his family as a ktitor (Poměni, gospodi, blagočьstivyihь ktitorь našihь vь carstvi si: Olivera děspota, i podružie Mariju, i čeda ihь: Dьnicu, Kraika, Damiana, Vidoslava, Dabiživa, Rusina, Olivera).
Palaiologos Ioannes	Person	Born after 1288. Died in autumn 1325 or in winter 1326. Πανυπερσέβαστος in 1305, καῖσαρ 1326. Governor of Thessalonike in 1325/1326. Probably also governor of other towns in Macedonia. He was the nephew of the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos and the cousin of Michael IX Palaiologos. His father was Palaiologos Konstantinos. His mother was Raulaina, Eirene Palaiologina. He was the husband of Eirene, kaisarissa, the daughter of Theodoros Metochites, since 1305/1306. His daughter Maria, born around 1313–1314, married in 1325–1326 the Serbian King Stefan Uroš III Dečanski. His son, whose name is unknown, held the rank of protosebastos and fell in the battle against the Bulgars near Rhosokastron in 1332. Mentioned in horismos of the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos III. from august 1321. Andronikos III. confirmed, that he is not the owner of the abandoned village Pungion. He rebelled against the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II before 1326. His aim was to govern the western parts of the empire and Macedonia independently. He plotted with his brothers-in-law, the governors of Melnik and Strumica and asked also his son-in-law Stefan Uroš III. Dečanski for help. They plundered together Macedonia and reached the river Strymon and the town Serres. Andronikos II. offered him the insignia of a καῖσαρ, in order to end the revolt. He received the embassy of Andronikos II. in Skopje. He accepted the offer and promised to keep the peace. He also wanted to go back to Thessalonike, but died soon after an illness in Skopje. Both Manuel Philes and Theodoros Metochites composed an epitaph for him.
Radoslavь (3)	Person	The identification with Radoslabos Chlapenos (Radoslav Hlapen) is doubtful. Mihailo Dinić identified Radoslav with „Rado(a)sclavus filius de jupan Vratisclavo“, who is attested in the Ragusan archives under the year 1319. Some scholars supposed that he was the same person as „iupan Rodosclauo“, who appears in the charter of Vladislav, the son of the former Serbian King Dragutin, adressed to Ragusan authorities from the 25th October 1323. He is mentioned in the chrysobull charter of the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan in favour of the Monastery of the Holy Archangels Michael and Gabriel near Prizren. Attested also in the ktitorial inscription and the wall painting in the Church of the Presentation of the Virgin in Kučevište. The wall paintings in Kučevište can be dated between 1331 and 1334. He held the position of župan. Apparently the son of Marena. He figures in the inscription of the founders of the Church of the Presentation of the Virgin in Kučevište. His portrait has been preserved only in fragments on the northern wall of the narthex in the same church. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš III Dečanski donated the village Klьčevišta (Kučevište) to Župan Radoslavь. Župan Radoslavь bestowed the village of Klьčevišta and its church of the Mother of God together with the hamlet Brodcь, vineyards, fruits, bought estates and all rights to the Monastery of the Holy Archangels Michael and Gabriel near Prizren. The Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan confirmed the gift of Župan Radoslav in the chrysobull charter for the monastery (I ješte priloži carьstvo mi crьkvi carьstva mi Arhaggelu sь hotěnijemь ljubimago vlastelina carьstvu mi Radoslava župana, selo Klьčevišta, sь crьkoviju Svetyje Bogorodice, i sь zaselkomь Brod᾿cemь, s vinogrady, sь ōvoštijemь, i s kupljenicami, i sь vsěmi pravinami, kako piše u hrisovulě Klьčevišt᾿komь što jestь zapisalь roditelь carьstva mi gospodinь kral).
Raiko	Person	Maybe identical with the nephew of Momčilo, who was let in to the town of Peritheorion with 50 soldiers by its inhabitants in 1345. Mentioned in the prostagma charter of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan, which was issued between September and December 1345. He appears as οἰκεῖος of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan in the prostagma charter. He held the position of kephale (governor) of Trilision and Brontu, 1345. Rajko was asked by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan to not collect the toll from the 25 nomismata intented for Kyprianos, the Bishop of Pheremai. Rajko should also bring the prostagma, which was issued on this occasion between September and December 1345, to Kyprianos.
Rudlь (1)	Person	He is the subject of the Stefan Uroš IV Dušan's Charter for the Μonastery of Hilandar from 28 March 1343. Rudlь was a nobleman, whose centre of interest was the town of Strumica (vlastelina grada togo Rudla). At the time of the siege of the town Strumica by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan he supported the Serbians (I kraljevstvu mi prěemʼšu gradь Strumicu, i ōbrětʼšu kraljevьstvu mi u gradu tomь vlastelina grada togo Rudla, i za egovo poljublenie i porabotanie vь takovoe vrěme). He founded the Church of the Virgin Hodegetria probably in Strumica. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan carried out his wish and subordinated him with his church, with the village of Boruevo, a donation of the king, with his patrimonial properties near the town, with the settlement site Robovo, which was a gift from Hrelja, and with his all bought estates to the Monastery of Hilandar (I poljubii voleju i hotěniemь svoimь, a sь milostiju kraljevstva mi da estь člověkь svetyje Bogorodice Hilandarskye Rudlь sь vsěmь svoimь, sь crьkvomь si Ōdigitriōm, iže estь sьzdalь trudomь svoimь, i sь vsěmi pravinami selo Boruevo što mu estь dalo kraljevstvo mi, s ljudmi i sь vsomь baštinomь svoōmь, i što si ima u gradu i u Banstě dvě nivě i voděnica, sь ljudmi i sь livadami i sь selištemь eže mu estь dalь Hrelja Robovo, sь vsěmi pravinami, i sь kupeničiemь, i sь vsěmь těmь što si ima u gradu i u poli, sь vsěmь těm ga priloži i zapisa kraljevьstvo mi Bogorodici Hilandarskoi, da estь do věka crьkvny, nikymь neōtьjemljemo doma svetyje Bogorodice Hilandarskye, a Rudlь svoe vʼse da drži do smrʼti, a po smrti jego da estь crьkovno).
Rusinь (3)	Person	Mentioned in the charter of the Serbian Despot Konstantin Dragaš for the Hilandar Monastery from 15th August 1381. He was the son of Ioannes Liberos (᾿Ιωάννης Λίβερος, Jovan Oliver) and Maria Liberissa (Μαρία Λιβέρισσα, Ana Marija,). His uncle was Mpogdanos (Μπογδάνος, Bogdan). He was the brother of Kraikos (Κράϊκος, Krajko), Damianos (Δαμιανός, Damjan), Dabiživь, Vidoslavь, Oliverь and Danica. According to the charter of the Serbian Despot Konstantin Dragaš for the Hilandar Monastery from 15th August 1381 Maria Liberissa expressed short before her death the will that the Monastery of Saint Archangel Michael and Holy Father Gabriel in Lěsnovo should devolve after her death on the Hilandar Monastery. Her sons Kraikos (Κράϊκος, Krajko) and Rusinь confirmed that their mother wanted to donate the Monastery of Saint Archangel Michael and Holy Father Gabriel in Lěsnovo to the Hilandar Monastery (I kako je i despotica Ōlivera despota na sьmrьti rekla i sь synōma svoima Kraikōmь i Rusinomь da je paki tai crьkvь Hilandaru). He is attested in the Lesnovski pomenik along with his family as a ktitor (Poměni, gospodi, blagočьstivyihь ktitorь našihь vь carstvi si: Olivera děspota, i podružie Mariju, i čeda ihь: Dьnicu, Kraika, Damiana, Vidoslava, Dabiživa, Rusina, Olivera).
Sinadin Kalojan	Person	Perhaps identical with Ioannes Synadenos? Mentioned in the chrysobull charter from 1300 issued by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin for the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje. He was a sevastokrator. He received the traitor Veriha, who fled from the region of Skopje. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin punished Veriha by forfeiture of property (I ešte prida kraljevstvo mi Verihino město i Dragijevь lugь. Iznevěri bo se Veriha kraljevstvu mi i poběže k sevastokratoru Kalojanu Sinadinu. Da što se ōbrěta Verihevo gde ljubo, dahь je crьkvi Svetago Geōrgija).
Stephanos (3)	Person	Mentioned for the year 1343 by the Byzantine historian Ioannes Kantakuzenos. He was a lieutenant of the Serbian military troops (ἡ στρατιὰ Τριβαλῶν, ἧς ἡγεῖται Μποζίκης τις προσαγορευόμενος καὶ Στέφανος δεύτερος, ἐκ πεζῶν καὶ ἱππέων ἠθροισμένη, πεμφθείη μὲν παρὰ Κράλη ἐπὶ τῷ βλάπτειν βασιλέα). He and his superior commander Mpozikes led the Serbian army consisting of footmen and horsemen, which stayed for the night at Gaurobon on the right bank of the river Vardar. When the Byzantine Emperor Ioannes VI Kantakuzenos with the troops had crossed the river, Mpozikes and Stephanos allegedly without the knowing of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan attacked the troops of Kantakuzenos. The Serbian Stefan Uroš IV Dušan sent him and Mpozikes to Ioannes VI Kantakuzenos in order to be exercised by the jurisdiction of the Byzantine Emperor. Ioannes VI Kantakuzenos reprimanded him in Beroia and released him afterwards.
Synadenos, Ioannes Komnenos Dukas Angelos	Person	Perhaps identical with Sinadin Kalojan? Died with all probability before 1290. His sons were at that time infants. He died as monk Ioakeim on 6 February (Ὡσαύτως ποιήσετε μνημόσυνα καθ’ ἑκάστην τοῦ χρόνου περίοδον τὴν ἕκτην τοῦ φευρουαρίου μηνὸς καὶ ὑπὲρ τοῦ μακαρίου κτήτορος ὑμῶν τοῦ μεγάλου στρατοπεδάρχου Ἀγγέλου Δούκα τοῦ Συναδηνοῦ κυροῦ Ἰωάννου, τοῦ διὰ τοῦ θείου καὶ ἀγγελικοῦ σχήματος μετονομασθέντος Ἰωακεὶμ μοναχοῦ). He was a κῦρ. He was toparch of Polog before 1275/1276 (ὁ δέ γε πατὴρ τοῦ πρὸς ἑσπέραν κατὰ τὴν Δαλματίαν λεγομένου Πολόγου τοπάρχης ἦν) and Megas stratopedarches from 1275/1276 to 1283/1284. He married his wife Theodora Komnene Palaiologina approximately in 1280 or 1281. He was the father of Ioannes Komnenos Dukas Palaiologos Synadenos, Theodoros Dukas Palaiologos Komnenos Synadenos, Euphrosyne Komnene Dukaina Palaiologina and a daugher not known by name, who was a candidate bride for the Bulgarian King Teodor Svetoslav Terter. He defected to Michael VIII Palaiologos probably after the battle at Pelagonia in 1259. The Byzantine emperor rewarded him with the title of megas stratopedarches. In 1275/1276 he fought together with Michael Kaballarios against the army of Ioannes Dukas, the ruler of Thessaly. He was defeated and captured at Pharsalos. He was one of the generals, who beat the army of Charles I of Anjou at Berat in April 1281. He joined an unsuccessful naval expedition to Thessaly in 1283/1284. He is honoured as a ktetor of the convent of the Holy Mother of God Bebaia Elpis in Constantinople according to the Typikon of his wife Theodora for the convent of the Holy Mother of God Bebaia Elpis in Constantinople. He possessed a small private library with several manuscripts.
Tolisthlabos	Person	Mentioned for the year 1350 by the Byzantine historian Ioannes Kantakuzenos. He was a commander of the Serbian military troops and governor of towns. He defected in 1350 along with Radoslabos Chlapenos from the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan to the Byzantine Emperor Ioannes Kantakuzenos (ἧκον δὲ καὶ αὐτόμολοι δύο ἐξ αὐτῶν· ὧν ἅτερος τῶν μάλιστα ἦν ἐπιφανῶν, κατὰ γένος προσήκων Κράλῃ, Χλάπαινος ὠνομασμένος, στρατιάν τε ἔχων ὑφ’ ἑαυτὸν οὐκ εὐκαταφρόνητον καὶ πολλὴν περιουσίαν· ὁ λοιπὸς δὲ οὐ τῶν πάνυ περιδόξων ἦν, πλὴν κἀκεῖνος ἀρχάς τε πόλεων ἐγκεχειρισμένος καὶ στρατοπέδων ἡγεμονίας, ὄνομα Τολίσθλαβος).
Tomprailos	Person	I. Đurić thinks that he could be the same person as the priest Dobro, who was sent along with the Sebast Grapsa by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin as an envoy to Charles II, the King of Naples in March 1302 (ut virum nobilem Sebasto Grapsam et presbiterum Dobronem, nuncios Excellentis principi domini Urosii). Mentioned in the sermon of the Byzantine writer Theodoros Metochites, who undertook the task to arrange the marriage of the Byzantine princess Simonis with the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin. He held the position of an Ekklesiarches. Janković believes that Tomprailos was in the service of the Archbishopric of Skopje. He accompanied Dukaites along with the monk Damianos around 1298 at the request of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš Milutin to Constantinople (κἀγὼ μὲν αὐτίκα τὸν καλὸν Δουκαίτην ἐς βασιλέα· καὶ αὐτὸς δὲ οὕστινας οἶσθα, σὺν αὐτῷ πέμπομεν, Δαμιανόν τινα αὐτὸν οἶμαι ὄνομα μοναχὸν καὶ Τομπράιλον ἐκκλησιάρχην ἐνταῦθα τοῖς ἐγχωρίοις τετιμημένον τοῦ δεσπότου καὶ κατωνομασμένον· περί τε τοῦ παντὸς ἔργου κατεροῦντας ὡς ἤνυσταί τε καὶ πεπέρανται· καὶ καταλιπαρήσοντας ἐξ αὐτοῦ δεσπότου τὲ καὶ Τριβαλλάρχου, καὶ ἤδη παιδὸς φίλου τῷ βασιλεῖ, περὶ οὗ νῦν γε εἴρηται συνθήματος).
Tornikes, Andronikos Komnenos Dukas Palaiologos	Person	He died on 3th July of an unknown year before the Typikon of Theodora Synadene for the Convent of the Holy Mother of God Bebaia Elpis in Constantinople was written. It was surely after 1327. He appears as a κῦρ in the sources. He held the position of a Parakoimomenos. He was the son of Maria Tornikina Palaiologina and Isaakios Tornikes. His wife was probably the Parakoimomene Tornikina. He was the son-in-law of the Megas Papias Alexios Tzamplakon. He along with ἐπὶ τοῦ στρατοῦ Jean de Gibelet (Τζουϊὰν ντὲ Ζιπλέτ) was sent in July 1325 by the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos to the House of Savoy. They had the task to seek the hand of Anna of Savoy for Andronikos III Palaiologos. He joined on the 20th March 1326 together with Kasandrenos at Amphipolis the embassy from Constantinople heading to the Serbian king. In 1327 he was decreed by the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos to control the resettlement of the 2000 Cumans from Thrace to the islands of Lemnos, Thasos and Imbros. He donated 500 Hyperpera and a silver lamp to the Convent of the Holy Mother of God Bebaia Elpis in Constantinople for the sake of his commemoration. He died of consumption.
Tzamplakon Arsenios	Person	Died probably before August 1362. He is mentioned as κῦρ, δοῦλος of the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos and Ioannes V. Palaiologos in the sources.He held the position of μέγας παπίας, 1333–1342 and 1352. He is attested as an apographeus (fiscal official) of the Byzantine Emperor Ioannes VI Kantakuzenos in 1349 and as archon at Didymoteichon in 1352. He was a monk. Probably the son of μέγας παπίας Alexios Tzamplakon. He was the brother of Asomatianos Tzamplakon, Demetrios Tzamplakon and Tornikina. His sons were Michael Kaballarios Tzamplakon and Alexios Kaballarios Tzamplakon. He was the συμπένθερος of Ioannes VI Kantakuzenos. He accused in the early summer of the year 1333 at Chalkidike Philantropenos Palaiologos Syrgiannes of a high treason before the Emperor Andronikos III. Palaiologos. He came to Constantinople in order to attend the trial with Philantropenos Palaiologos Syrgiannes. He authenticated the deed of sale of the protostrator Theodoros Dukas Palaiologos Komnenos Synadenos in December 1333. He was sent in 1342 together with Konstantinos Palaiologos by Ioannes VI. Kantakuzenos to the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan. He was together with Konstantinos Palaiologos taken into custody by a certain Tzimpanos. Tzimpanos turned Arsenios Tzamplakon in to Alexios Apokaukos in Thessalonike. Arsenios Tzamplakon was insulted by the mob of Thessalonike as the patriarch of Ioannes VI Kantakuzenos. He was arrested and his possession was confiscated. According to the Praktikon issued in January 1342 by Michal Papylas Romanos was Ioannes Margarites the recipient of a confiscated land from Arsenios Tzamplakon located between Serres and Zichna. The possession of Ioannes Margarites at Kato Uska and Rachoba was declared exempt from the 9 nomismata tax and hereditary by the prostagma of the Byzantine Emperor Ioannes V. Palaiologos from October 1342. The former estates of Tzako [...], most probably Arsenios Tzamplakos, consisted of arable land and vineyards. The Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan donated in April 1348 the former property of Arsenios Tzamplakon, which was inside the town of Chrysopolis, to the Batopedi Monastery. He drew up before December 1349 the inventory of the property of the Monastery Theotokos Psychosostria in Constantinople, which was used for chrysobull charter of the Byzantine Emperor Ioannes VI Kantakuzenos. After 1355 he was residing in the Batopedi Monastery as a monk. He bequeathed in February 1355 his patrimonial estate in Prinarion with als its area and rights, dependent peasants, abandoned land, vineyards, mills, uncultivated land and pasture, a part of land in Vela, winter pasture in Thermopotamos, annual fair of Saint Symeon in Vela and the fortification called Slanesion/Sthlanesion to the Batopedi Monastery. In May 1356 he added houses and the Church of Holy Mother of God Kamariotissa in the Kataphyge quarter at Thessalonike, his part of the patrimonial land in the mouth of the river Galikos including salty soil, some dikaia near the sea till Chenaru and a tower to the endowment, which he donated before to the Batopedi Monastery.
Tzimpanos	Person	Mentioned for the year 1342 by the Byzantine historian Ioannes Kantakuzenos. He was a Serbian shepherd, who migrated with his livestock periodically. He came from the village David near Prosek. He captured the Protosebastos Konstantinos Palaiologos and Arsenios Tzamplakon and brought them to Megas Dux Alexios Apokaukos, who was in Thessalonike. He became the land and properties in Thessalonike of Tzamplakon from Alexios Apokaukos as a reward (καὶ τῶν νομάδων Τριβαλῶν τις περὶ Πρόσοικον οἰκῶν ἐν κώμῃ τοῦ Δαβὶδ προσαγορευομένῃ, Τζιμπάνος ὄνομα, τὰ περὶ Καντακουζηνὸν τὸν βασιλέα ἐν Γυναικοκάστρῳ συμβάντα πεπυσμένος, ἐπεὶ παρ’ αὐτῷ οἱ πρέσβεις ἐξενίζοντο, οὓς πρότερον ἔπεμψε πρὸς Κράλην κελεύων ἐμμένειν ταῖς σπονδαῖς ταῖς πρὸς αὐτὸν, οἳ Κωνσταντῖνός τε ἦσαν ὁ Παλαιολόγος, τὴν ἀξίαν πρωτοσεβαστὸς, καὶ Ἀρσένιος ὁ Τζαμπλάκων· περὶ τούτους δὴ ὁ Τζιμπάνος βαρβαρικῶς διατεθεὶς, καὶ ἵππων τῶν ἀγόντων ἐπιθυμήσας καὶ τῆς ἄλλης ἀποσκευῆς οὔσης οὐκ ὀλίγης, ἅμα ἐκείνοις καὶ τέκνα καὶ γυναῖκα καὶ βοσκήματα, ἃ ἦν αὐτῷ περιουσία, παραλαβὼν, ηὐτομόλησε πρὸς μέγαν δοῦκα ἐν Θεσσαλονίκῃ καὶ τοὺς βασιλέως πρεσβευτὰς ὥσπερ τι δῶρον προσήγαγε δεσμώτας. ὁ δὲ ἄγαν ὑπερησθεὶς, τὸν μὲν βάρβαρον ἠμείβετο φιλοτίμως, οἰκιῶν αὐτίκα καὶ κτήσεων μεγάλων, αἳ Τζαμπλάκωνι ἦσαν ἐν Θεσσαλονίκῃ, κύριον ἀποδείξας).
Veriha	Person	Mentioned several times in the chrysobull charter from 1300 issued by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin for the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje. He betrayed the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin by fleeing to the sevastokrator Kalojan Sinadin (I ešte prida kraljevstvo mi Verihino město i Dragijevь lugь. Iznevěri bo se Veriha kraljevstvu mi i poběže k sevastokratoru Kalojanu Sinadinu). The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin confiscated the land of Veriha (do Verišina městě, Verihino město, na Verišino selište, niva u Verišině poli) after his treason and gave it to the Monastery of Saint Georg-Gorg near Skopje (Da što se ōbrěta Verihevo gde ljubo, dahь je crьkvi Svetago Geōrgija).
Vidoslavь	Person	Mentioned in the Lesnovski pomenik, a compilation of commemorations from the 16th to 18th century based on older sources. The terminus post quem for the entry regarding the family of the Despot Ioannes Liberos (᾿Ιωάννης Λίβερος, Jovan Oliver) is 1353. He was the son of Ioannes Liberos (᾿Ιωάννης Λίβερος, Jovan Oliver) and Maria Liberissa (Μαρία Λιβέρισσα, Ana Marija,). His uncle was Mpogdanos (Μπογδάνος, Bogdan). He was the brother of Kraikos (Κράϊκος, Krajko), Damianos (Δαμιανός, Damjan), Dabiživь, Rusinь, Oliverь and Danica. He is attested in the Lesnovo pomenik along with his family as a ktitor (Poměni, gospodi, blagočьstivyihь ktitorь našihь vь carstvi si: Olivera děspota, i podružie Mariju, i čeda ihь: Dьnicu, Kraika, Damiana, Vidoslava, Dabiživa, Rusina, Olivera).
de Monteflore Antonius	Person	Mentioned in the sources from 1333 to 1337. He had a sister, who lived in Monteforie. He bequeathed to her a coffer full of books (Item dico et confiteor quod habeo in Sclavoniam duos vallisias, unum coperforium, unam casellam cum libris et rebus alliis, unum equum cum una bona sella, tapedum unum parvum et par unum de bisacis parvi valoris, que res omnes volo et ordino quod Ragusium deferantur et que sunt parvi valloris dentur amore Dei. Et allie dentur pro missis cantandis. Et dicta mea cassella volo quod mitatur per manum Paulucii in manibus Francische sororis mee et ipsa cum fidecomisario eam dare debeat pro anima mea). He was a Physician of the Serbian king Stefan Uroš IV Dušan (magister Antonius medicus de Monteflore). He came from Ancona in the Marche region (Marchie Anconitane). He worked for the Ragusans probably since 1329. He was sent later to Serbia. He was a friend with the German knight Palman(us), who was the commander of the mercenery troops in the service of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan. Palman(us) contracted on 20th October 1333 in Ragusa to deliver armour, helmet and other suits of armour, the deposits of an unknown „stipendiarius ipsius domini regis“, which he had received from Pauluccius ypothecarius, within 15 days to the Antonius de Monteflore. According to the testament of Antonius de Monteflore from 1337 he bequeathed 60 perpers for the building of the Church of Saint Maria in Prizren and some money to the priests in the same town for the commemoration of his name (in primis volo et ordino quod dentur in fabrica ecclesie S. Marie de Prisereno ypp. LX et in candellis cereis pro missis cantandis ypp. X. Item volo et ordino quod dentur dompno Margaricio et dompno Beroe in Prisreno comorantibus pro eorum quollibet ypp. V ut teneantur rogare Deum pro me). He donated money also to the Church of Saint Maria in Ulcinj for a bell (Item volo quod dentur presbytero Gergo de Cosa pro missis cantandis ypp. X Venet. Ecclesie S. Marie de Dulciino pro opere campanillis predicte ecclesie ypp. X) and to the Church of Saint Margaret in Dubrovnik for a precious chalice (Ecclesie S. Margarite de Ragusio uncie XV argenti pro faciendo unum calicem predicte ecclesie). He willed a large sum of money to a hospital in his native town Montefiore in Marche (Item volo quod dentur Montiflori Marchie Anconitane libre IIIC de illa parva moneta pro incipiendo unum hospitalle, que pecunia dari non debeat nisi secundum quod magistri de die in diem laboraverint). Antonius de Monteflore was in close relation with the nobleman Nicolas Buća, who was an important person on the court of the Serbian king. Antonius de Monteflore took part on the meeting with the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos III. Palaiologos (Item habere debeo a predicto ypp. LXXXX de cruce pro frisis magnis et subtililibus, que sibi dedi quando fuimus ad stanicum cum imperatore Romanie).

Places (8)

Name	Class	Description
Boimi	Place	In 1336 the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan (reigned 1331-1355) and the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos (reigned 1328-1341) made plans to meet in Baimi (ἐν Βαϊμὶ τὴν ἓνωσιν γενέσθαι χωρίῳ Μακεδονικῷ). Andronikos III, however, changed the plans and surprised Stefan Dušan in Radovište (κατὰ τὸ Ῥαδοβόσδιον). On 12 June 1349 the Serbian King Stefan Dušan granted the Church of Saint George in Baimi to the Monastery of Saint Panteleemon on the Holy Mount Athos (crkovь stago Geōrgija u Boimii). The Church of Saint George in Alandovo in the region of Boimi appears in another deed of donation of the same date to the same monastery, which was issued by the Serbian King Stefan Dušan (crьkov stgo Geōrgija u Boïmi u Alandově). In a chrysobull by John V Palaiologos (reigned 1341-1391) from 1353 an estate in Baimi was donated to the Monastery of Saint Panteleemon on the Holy Mount Athos (ζευγελατεῖον ἕτερον περῒ τὴν Βαϊμήν). The Serbian Despot Jovan Dragaš and his brother Konstantin Dragaš confirmed after 1376/77 that the Church of Saint George with its hamlets in Boimi is in the possession of the Monastery of Saint Panteleemon on the Holy Mount Athos (crrьkovь svetago Geōrgija u Boimi...i zaselci).
Goliqueline	Place	The Byzantinо-Serbian border in Macedonia became the central subject of negotiation between the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) and Charles de Valois (1270-1325) in 1308, when the latter was aiming to conquer the Byzantine Empire. The French ambassadors met the Serbian King in his tents at Goliqueline (date et actum in tentoriis nostris apud Goliqueline). Since the Serbian King was staying in tents at this time (in tentoriis nostris), Goliqueline was certainly not a residence or a settlement, but a plot of land (perhaps a summer pasture) that was in the mountains. If Kotraža (2) is to be located in the same area, then it could well be that both King Stefan Milutin and his mother, the Serbian Queen Jelena Anžujska (ca. 1230-1314), stayed in the region during the Serbian campaigns against the Byzantine Empire.
Morobisdos	Place	A praise poem by the Byzantine poet Manuel Philes (13th/14th century) for the Byzantine general Michael Dukas Glabas Tarchaneiotes relates, among other things, about the conquest of Morobisdos (Εὐτζάπολιν δὲ συλλαβὼν Μοροβίσδου, Σκόπιά τε Σθλάβιτζαν ἐξ εὐανδρίας, Καὶ τὸν Πίαντζον καὶ τὸ περὶ τὸν Στρόμον, Καὶ τὸν περὶ Στρούμμιτζαν ἄφθονον τόπον). The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin donated in 1300 the village Avazgovo to the Monastery of Saint George–Gorg near Skopia (Skopje) with all its possessions (especially pastures - summer and winter pastures), which had already been given to the monastery by the Byzantine emperor Manuel I. Komnenos (Avazgovo pod Moroїzvizdomĭ eže prida kÿrь Manoilь carь, s vinogradi, s nivijem, sь sěnokosi, s pašišti, sь letovišti, sь zimovišti, i sь mlini, sь planinomь i sь vsěmi pravinami). The village Morobisdos is mentioned in the charter of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin for the Monastery Gračanica from year 1315 (or 1321?) (i po Morozvizdu). In the founding charter of the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV. Dušan for the Eparchy of Zletovo with its seat in the Monastery Lěsnovo (1) from the year 1346/47 it is said that the Eparchy of Morobisdos had fallen in desolation for many years (Poiskavše ōbrětosmo vь ōblasti toi episkopiju Morozviždьsku ōtь mnogyhь lětьь zapustěvšu). For this reason it was subordinated to the new eparchy with the village of Morobisdos and its borders (sь selomь těmь Morozvizdomь i sь ōtьtesomь sela toga). The Serbian local ruler Konstantin Dragaš donated on the 15th August 1381 the Monastery Lěsnovo (1) with all its possessions, including the village Morobisdos and its hamlets Rokjevci and Grьdovci, to the Hilandar Monastery (selo Morōzvizdь i sь zaselci Rōkjevci i Grьdovci i sь vsěmi megjami i pravinami sela togo).
Ovče Pole	Place	The Bulgarian Khan Boris built in the 9th century churches in Ovče Pole according to a Bulgarian chronicle (i na rěcě Brěgalnici, i tu prïemь carьstvo; na Ovči poli sьzda běli crьkvi). The Vita of Saint Prohor Pčinjski (11th century) gives account about Prohor, who came from a village in Ovče Pole (ōt vesї ovčopolskija). The disarmed Pechenegs were, according to Ioannes Skylitzes, settled on the plains of Ovče Pole in the first half of the 11th century (ἀνά τε τὰς πεδιάδας τῆς Σαρδικῆς, τῆς Ναϊσσοῦ καὶ τῆς Εὐτζαπόλεως διασπείρας πάντας καὶ πᾶν ὅπλον ἀφελόμενος διὰ τὸ ἀνεπιβούλευτον). The Nicene Empire conquered in 1246 parts of Macedonia, including Ovče Pole (Νευστάπολίς). Nine years later, in 1255, the Byzantine Emperor Theodoros II. Laskaris led his army through the Ovče Pole (διὰ τῆς Νευσταπόλεως), which was a waterless and houseless area (ἄνυδρος δέ ἐστιν ὁ τόπος καὶ ἄοικος καὶ πλήθει στρατευμάτων δυσβάδιστος). Ephraim (ἅμ’ Εὐτζαπόλει, resp. διὰ Ναυτζαπόλεως ἀνύδρου τόπου) and also Theodoros Skutariotes (Νευστάπολίς, resp. διὰ τῆς Νευσταπόλεως) describe both conquests. Ovče Pole (Ovьče Polje) was incorporated in the Serbian dominion under the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin in 1282/83. A poem in honor of the Byzantine general Michael Dukas Glabas Tarchaneiotes, which is the work of the Byzantine writer Manuel Philes (13th/14th c.), mentions amongst others the Byzantine conquest of Ovče Pole (Εὐτζάπολιν δὲ συλλαβὼν Μοροβίσδου, Σκόπιά τε Σθλάβιτζαν ἐξ εὐανδρίας, Καὶ τὸν Πίαντζον καὶ τὸ περὶ τὸν Στρόμον, Καὶ τὸν περὶ Στρούμμιτζαν ἄφθονον τόπον). The region (strana) of Ovče Pole (i Ōvčepolsku) is attested in the interpolated charter of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin for the Hilandar Monastery from the year 1303/1304 (or after 1331?). The byzantine-serbian border in Macedonia became the central subject of negotiations in 1308 between the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin and Charles de Valois, when the latter sought to conquer the Byzantine Empire. The area of Ovče Pole (et contrata Ouciepoullie) should remain according to the treaty in the Serbian kingdom. The Serbian annals give account about the miraculous epiphany of the Saint Nicholas to the Serbian King Stefan Uroš III Dečanski in the Church of Saint Nicholas in Ovče Pole, where the saint healed the blindness of the king (et cum fuisset in Ovczepolye, in templo S. Nicolai). The same miracle is attested in the Vita of Stefan Dečanski, which was written by Grigorij Camblak (15th century; polje ovčee imenuemo). In 1330 the scribe Stanislav finished a Slavonic manuscript in the domain of Ovče Pole in the region of Zletovo on the mountains of Lěsnovo in the Monastery of Saint Archangel Michael (vь ōblasti ōvčepolьskoi vь horě zletovstěi, vь gorě lěsnovьstěi, vь monastiri stgo arhistratiga Mihaila). The same notice in the manuscript mentions that the Serbian King Stefan Uroš III Dečanski took control over Ovče Pole (i ōvčepolьsko). In the charter of Stefan Dečanski for the Monastery of Saint Nikola Mrački (Pešterski manastir) from the year 1330 appears the term zemli Ovčepolьskoi. From the slavic colophon of the scribe Stanislav in the Menaion of the Serbian Despot Jovan Oliver for the Monastery of the Saint Archangel Michael in Lesnovo from the 1342 results, that Jovan Oliver ruled at that time over the entire area of Ovče Pole (ōblastiju vseju ōvčepolьskoju). The Serbian Emperor mentions Ovče Pole (na Ovči Poli) in his charter for the Monastery of the Saint Archangels Michael and Gabriel near Prizren. The monks of the Hilandar Monastery complained in 1355 to the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan about the border violations by the people, who lived in the villages, which belonged to Karьba (selě zem'li Kar'bin'čkoi), whereupon the governor (kefalija) of Štip named David Mihojević (poslach kjefaliju Štip'skoga Davida Michojevikja) was sent out to determine the boundaries of the monastery in this area. In the boundary description of the Hilandar Monastery near the land of Karьba also Ovče Pole is mentioned (po ōnoi straně odь Ovča Polja). The Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan issued on the 2th Mai 1355 the charter for the Hilandar Monastery in Ovče Pole (na Ovči Poli). The Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan confirmed on the 17th Mai 1355 at the state council (sabor) in Krupište the tenure of the Monastery of Saint Petar Koriški as metochion for the Hilandar Monastery. The charters in question were written by the Serbian Logothet Gjurg in Ovče Pole (na Ovči Poli, resp. na Ovči Polii). The Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan issued on the 2th July at the state council in Krupište the third charter for the Hilandar Monastery, which was again written by the same Serbian Logothet in Ovče Pole (na Ovči Poli). In the forged charter from the 15th century, previously referred as a document issued by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin for the settlement Ulijare around 1318, amongst other places also Ovče Pole is mentioned (Ōvče polje). The Serbian Despot Stefan Lazarević granted in 1408/1409 a safe conduct to the ottoman troops from the area of Toplica via Kosovo to Ovče Pole (prohode kь Ovčju polju). In spring and summer of 1413 the two Ottoman pretenders to the throne Mehmed and Musa fought for supremacy on the Balkan Peninsula. Mehmed was supported by the Serbian Despot Stefan Lazarević. In the course of the military operations, Musa initially stayed in the Ovče Pole (in the Ragusan sources called Ovcepogle). Then Mehmed and Stefan Lazarević together with their troops crossed the Črьna Gora (Prěšьdьše že Črьmnu Goru) and reached the Ovče Pole (kь Ovьčju polju), where Djuradj Branković, Stefan's nephew, took command over the Serbian contingents. The Ottoman troops plundered the region of Žegligovo and Ovče Pole in 1512 (to lěto plěniše Turci Žegligovo, Ovče Polě). Ovče Pole is registered in the Defters for the Sanjak Köstendil between the years 1570 and 1572 as a summer pasture. Ovče Pole (Ovče polje is mentioned in the Pomenik from 15th–18th century. The Serbian scribe and copyist Jerotej Račanin travelled through the Ovče Pole on his pilgrimage to the Holy Land in 1704. He describes the area of Ovče Pole as beautiful, rich in fields, grain, vineyards and all kinds of fruit, with beautiful rivers and cold, pure sources, with cities and villages.
Pijanьcь	Place	Pijanьcь was a part of Sclavinias in Macedonia, which formed a borderzone contested between the Byzantines and the Bulgarians. At the latest in 855 (perhaps already in 852?), Pijanьcь and the area around the Brěgalnica river must have fallen under the rule of the Bulgarian Khan Boris. A Bulgarian chronicle reports indirectly about this event (i na rěce Brěgalnici, i tu prïemь carьstvo. Pijanьcь is mentioned in the charter of the Byzantine Emperor Basileios II for the archiepiscopal see of Ōhrid from the year 1019 (καὶ τὴν Πιάνιτζαν). Pijanьcь was withdrawn from the sovereign authority of the Byzantine Empire in 1282/1283 during the reign of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (и Пиꙗньць). At that time it was subordinate to the Bishopric of Morozvizd (Morobisdos). A poem by the Byzantine poet Manuel Philes (13th/14th century) in honor of the Byzantine commander Michael Dukas Glabas Tarchaneiotess relates, among other things, about the conquest of Pijanьcь (Εὐτζάπολιν δὲ συλλαβὼν Μοροβίσδου, Σκόπιά τε Σθλάβιτζαν ἐξ εὐανδρίας, Καὶ τὸν Πίαντζον καὶ τὸ περὶ τὸν Στρόμον, Καὶ τὸν περὶ Στρούμμιτζαν ἄφθονον τόπον). Pijanьcь appears in the founding charter of the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV. Dušan for the Eparchy of Zletovo with its seat in the Monastery Lěsnovo from the year 1346/47 (u Pijanci; u Pijanci na Brěgalnici). The Serbian local ruler Konstantin Dragaš donated on the 15th August 1381 the Monastery Lěsnovo with all its possessions including also Pijanьcь to the Hilandar Monastery (u Pijancu; u Pijanci na Brěgalnici). A forged charter from the 15th century, also known as the charter of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin concerning the settlement site Ulijare settlement from 1318, relates, among other things, about the conquest of Pijanьcь by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin between the years 1282 and 1284 (Pïanьcь).
Skopje, Lower Town, Church of the Mother of God of "the Three Hands"	Place	The Church of the Mother of God of "the Three Hands", which is mentioned several times in the charter of the Serbian king Stefan Uroš II Milutin for the Monastery of St. George-Gorg in the year 1300, played an important role in the history of medieval Skopje. Probably the church had already existed in Byzantine times. It could well be that she is identical with a church, which is mentioned in 1204 (et episcopus licet indignus sanctissime ecclesie dei genetricis de Scopia Marinus). The Church of the Mother of God of "the Three Hands" was initially the see of the local bishop and then (after 1346) of the Metropolitan of Skopje, which is, amongst others, attested in a Serbian charter of the emperor Stefan Uroš IV. Dušan from 1347 (… такожде и подвигосмо всечьстноую Скопию, чьстнаго и славнаго града Скопиꙗ Троѥроучицоу, на прьвопрѣстолноую митрополию, поискасмо пискоупиѥ подложити вь область митрополиѥ светые Троѥроучице Скопьскыѥ, …). The Metropolis of Skopje is hereby indicated as "prvoprestolna" (πρωτόθρονος). The beauty of the church is described by the Byzantine diplomat Theodōros Metochitēs in his account of the embassy (Πρεσβευτικός) to the Serbian royal court in 1299 (ἐν δή τινι λοιπὸν τῶν κατὰ χώραν ἱερῷ καλλίστῳ τῆς Θεοτόκου γιγνόμεθα). She was refurbished by king Milutin (и сьзда [...] црьковь глаголѥмоу Троѥроучица вь славьнѣмь градѣ Скопии). Her name derives from the miracle-working icon of the Mother of God of "the Three Hands", which was donated to this church by the Serbian Saint Sava around 1230 and which is today kept in the Serbian monastery of Chilandar on the Holy Mount Athos. Stefan Uroš IV Dušan was crowned emperor in the Church of the Mother of God of "the Three Hands", while his son Stefan Uroš V ordered the church to be enlarged and decorated. It fell into disrepair and vanished most probably after the Ottoman conquest of Skopje at the end of the 14th century, but at the latest in the 17th century. Radoslav Grujić localised the Church of the Mother of God of "the Three Hands" approximately between the lower course of the river Serava and the Upper Town of Skopje, which is confirmed by the context of king Milutin's charter for the Monastery of St. George-Gorg from the year 1300.
Slavištе	Place	Slavište is attested for the first time in the charter of the Byzantine Emperor Basileios II (reigned 976-1025) for the Archbishishopric of Achrida (Ōhrid) from 1019. It is listed as a part of the Bishopric of Morobisdos (Morozvižd) (Καὶ τὸν ἐπίσκοπον Μοροβίσδου εἰς αὐτὸν τὸν Μορόβισδον καὶ τὸν Κοζιάκον καὶ τὴν Σλαβίστην). A poem in honor of the Byzantine general Michael Dukas Glabas Tarchaneiotes, which is the work of the Byzantine writer Manuel Philes (13th/14th c.), mentions amongst others the Byzantine conquest of Slavište (Εὐτζάπολιν δὲ συλλαβὼν Μοροβίσδου, Σκόπιά τε Σθλάβιτζαν ἐξ εὐανδρίας, Καὶ τὸν Πίαντζον καὶ τὸ περὶ τὸν Στρόμον, Καὶ τὸν περὶ Στρούμμιτζαν ἄφθονον τόπον). Slavište is attested in the charter of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) for the Monastery of Gračanica from 1315 (or 1321) (I po Vraniju I po Slavištu i po… i po Zletovoi, i po Morozvizdu, i si...makije iže ōt ōblasti grьčьskyje, gospodьstvujei kralь Srьbskihь Zemlь, i po jegově milosti koje podastь ōbladati jepiskupii, ili Prizrenьskoi ili Lipljanьskoi, i po Liplaně i po Moravě). A road to Slavište is mentioned in the founding charter of the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan (reigned 1331-1355) for the Bishopric of Zletovo from 1346/47 (i putemь koi grede u Slavišta). Due to the few and ambiguous sources, the question remains open, whether Slavište was both a town and a region in the Middle Ages. The Nahiye Slavişte formed a part of the Sanjak Köstendil in the Ottoman period (16th century).
Stromos	Place	A poem in honor of the Byzantine general Michael Dukas Glabas Tarchaneiotes, which is the work of the Byzantine writer Manuel Philes (13th/14th c.), mentions amongst others the Byzantine conquest of Stromos (Εὐτζάπολιν δὲ συλλαβὼν Μοροβίσδου, Σκόπιά τε Σθλάβιτζαν ἐξ εὐανδρίας, Καὶ τὸν Πίαντζον καὶ τὸ περὶ τὸν Στρόμον, Καὶ τὸν περὶ Στρούμμιτζαν ἄφθονον τόπον). The localisation of Stromos is disputed in the bibliography. Possibly it is to be identified with today's village of Stroimanci.

Sources (1)

Name	Class	Description
George Pachymeres. Paraphrase of Pachymeres’ History (late 14th or early 15th century)	Source	George Pachymeres made a reference to the monastery of Prisklabetza in Prilep (ἡ ἐν τῷ Πριλάπῳ μονὴ ἡ Πρισκλάβητζα as a monastery founded or renovated by Michael Glabas Tarchaneiotes, one of the most prominent Byzantine military commanders during the reign of the early Palaiologan emperors.