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Avazgovō
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Place
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The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) donated the village of Avazgovō to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje in the year 1300 (Avazgovō pod Moroїzvizdomь eže prida kÿrь Manoilь carь, s vinogradi, s nivijem, sь sěnokosi, s pašišti, sь letovišti, sь zimovišti, i sь mlini, sь planinomь i sь vsěmi pravinami). In this charter it is stated that Avazgovō had been previously given to the same monastery by the Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos (reigned 1143-1180). Its localisation in our database is made according to the context of the written source, in which the village of Morozvizd (today Morodvis) is also mentioned.
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Avazgovō, Meadows (pašište)
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Place
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The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) donated meadows (pašište) near the village of Avazgovō to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg in the year 1300 (Avaz`govō podь Moroїzvizdomь, eže prida kÿrь Manoilь carь, s vinogradi, s nivijem, sь sěnokosi, s pašišti, sь letovišti, sь zimovišti i sь mlini, sь planinomь i sь vsěmi pravinami).
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Avazgovō, Mills
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Place
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The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) donated mills near the village of Avazgovō to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg in the year 1300 (Avaz`govō podь Moroїzvizdomь, eže prida kÿrь Manoilь carь, s vinogradi, s nivijem, sь sěnokosi, s pašišti, sь letovišti, sь zimovišti i sь mlini, sь planinomь i sь vsěmi pravinami).
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Avazgovō, Summer Pastures (letovište)
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Place
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The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) donated summer pastures (letovište) near the village of Avazgovō to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg in the year 1300 (Avaz`govō podь Moroїzvizdomь, eže prida kÿrь Manoilь carь, s vinogradi, s nivijem, sь sěnokosi, s pašišti, sь letovišti, sь zimovišti i sь mlini, sь planinomь i sь vsěmi pravinami).
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Avazgovō, Summer Pastures (planina)
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Place
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The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) donated summer pastures (planina) near the village of Avazgovō to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg in the year 1300 (Avaz`govō podь Moroїzvizdomь, eže prida kÿrь Manoilь carь, s vinogradi, s nivijem, sь sěnokosi, s pašišti, sь letovišti, sь zimovišti i sь mlini, sь planinomь i sь vsěmi pravinami).
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Avazgovō, Vineyards
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Place
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The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) donated vineyards near the village of Avazgovō to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg in the year 1300 (Avaz`govō podь Moroїzvizdomь, eže prida kÿrь Manoilь carь, s vinogradi, s nivijem, sь sěnokosi, s pašišti, sь letovišti, sь zimovišti i sь mlini, sь planinomь i sь vsěmi pravinami).
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Avazgovō, Winter Pastures (zimovište)
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Place
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The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) donated winter pastures (zimovište) near the village of Avazgovō to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg in the year 1300 (Avaz`govō podь Moroїzvizdomь, eže prida kÿrь Manoilь carь, s vinogradi, s nivijem, sь sěnokosi, s pašišti, sь letovišti, sь zimovišti i sь mlini, sь planinomь i sь vsěmi pravinami).
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Banica
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Place
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The Bulgarian Tsar Constantine I Asen donated the village of Banica with its vineyards and mills to the Monastery of St George-Gorg (Selo Banici sь nivijemь sъ vinōgrad(i), sъ žrьn’kami, i sь vsěmi pravinami). This village is also attested by the Archbishop Demetrios Chomatenos of Ohrid as Βάνιστα.
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Banica, Mills
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Place
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The Bulgarian Tsar Constantine I Asen donated a mill in or near the village of Banica to the Monastery of St George-Gorg (Selo Banici sь nivijemь sъ vinōgrad(i), sъ žrьn’kami, i sь vsěmi pravinami).
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Banica, Vineyards
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Place
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The Bulgarian Tsar Constantine I Asen donated vineyards in or near the village of Banica to the Monastery of St George-Gorg (Selo Banici sь nivijemь sъ vinōgrad(i), sъ žrьn’kami, i sь vsěmi pravinami).
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Banjane, Local Road, hodos, put
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Place
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The local road of Banjane (ἀπὸ τῆς ἐκεῖσε ὁδοῦ τῆς Μπάνιανις; ot puti banjanьskoga) is attested in the years 1299/1300 and/or 1308 (?) in two charters of the Byzantine Emperors Michael IX Palaiologos (reigned 1295-1320) and Andronikos II Palaiologos (reigned 1282-1328).
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Barbarasь
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Place
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The Bulgarian Tsar Konstantin I Asen (reigned 1257-1277) donated Barbarasь to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg (Zdunę, Sušica, Gradeč’nica Brod sь Slan’skomь i sь Barbarasomь i Krǫpa. Vsa ta města paričk[a sǫt, rekǫšte Prьdalika, da ne meteha nikto ni jekso prikisati, ni prodati vьnъka ni nivǫ ni vinograd). Its location has been provided based on Vassiliki Kravari. The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) confirmed the donation of Barbarasь to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg (Selo Brodь, vь njemь tьrgь Nedelïa i panagjurь .i. dьnь sepьtembra iže jestь priložilь svety Romanь carь, i vь njemь crьkva svetaa Bogorodica sь selomь Slanьskomь i sь Barbarasomь, sь vinogradi, sь nivjemь, sь mlini, sь mostninami, sь sěnokosi, sь pašišti, sь planinomь, sь lovišti zvěrnimi i ribnymi, sь megïami i sь vsěmi pravinami selь těhь).
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Barovo
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Place
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The Bulgarian tsar Constantine I Asen donated the village of Barovo to the Monastery of St George-Gorg (Ōbrěte ego... c(a)r(ь)s(t)v(o) mi prěžde dan’noe s(ve)toïmь Rōmanom(ь) c(a)remь, sь Barōvom(ь), sь Sinskōmь i sь cr(ь)k[vijǫ] S(ve)toïmь Ïōa(no)mь Zlato[ustomь] i sь vsěmi tami zasel’koï, sь vinograd(i), s nivijemь, sь perivol’mi, sь vodě[inica]mi, sь [s]ěnokōsoï, sь zaběloï, sь lovišti roïbn[i]mi i zvěr’noïmi, i sь planoïnami, i sь vsěmi pravinami prěždezakōn’noïimi ih. I ešte priloži c(a)r(ь)s(t)v(o) mi selō Kalugerōvěnǫ sь vinōgrad(i), s niv[ije]mь, sь zaběloï, i sь vsěmi pravinami.). The Serbian king Stefan Uroš II Milutin confirmed the donation of the village of Barovo to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg (I priloži kraljevstvo mi selo Kozarevō, prěžde priloženoje Diōgenōmь caremь, a vь njemь monastirь Svety Iōanь Zlatoustyi i sь Barovomь i sь Vinskomь i sь vsěmi zasělki těmi i sь Zlatustьčani, sь vinogradi, sь nivijemь, sь voděničijemь i sь lovištemь ribnimь i sь zvěrnimь, sь zaběli i sь planinomь i sь vsěmi pravinami selь těhь).
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Barovo, Abandoned Land
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Place
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The Serbian king Stefan Uroš II Milutin donated abandoned land, so-called eksalima (eҙalimo), near the village of Barovo to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg (I što je Pasarelove kupenice u Sušici i vь Barōvě, i vь Sulii Gornjemь, i vь Sopištehь, i vь Krušopecehь, ili vь Skopьskoi ōblasti i vь Prěsci eҙalimo dahь svetomu Geōrgiju, i jestь pisano ō tom vyše).
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Bekovo
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Place
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The Village of Bekovo was given in 1314 by King Milutin to the Banjsko Monastery (Sp. IV 3 - Selo Běkovo...).
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Bistrica (1)
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Place
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The Bulgarian Tsar Konstantin I Asen (reigned 1257-1277) donated the village of Bistrica with its meadows, summer pastures and winter pastures to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg (Selo Bistrica vь Babuně, sь pašišti, sь lětōvišti, sь zimovišti, i sь vsěmi pravinami ihь). The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) confirmed the donation of the village of Bistrica to the same monastery, which according to his charter was originally given by the Bulgarian Tsar Kalojan (Selo Bistrica vь Babuně pridanoje Kaloïanjemь caremь, i to darova kraljevьstvo mi Svetomu Geōrgïju s` nivijem`, s` voděničijemь, sь sěnokosi, sь lětovišti i sь zimovišti kobilamь i ōvcamь, i sь vsěmi pravinami sela togo).
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Blat’ce (1)
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Place
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In a charter of the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos (reigned 1282-1328), at the instigation of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321), in ca. 1299/1300 (or 1308?) for the Tower of Hrusija (Pyrgos Basileiu) of the Monastery of Chilandar on the Holy Mount Athos the village of Blat’ce is donated with all its rights (selo narekomoje Blat’ce, ježe jestь nadь Svetimь Nikitoju sь vsěmi pravinami jego). The Serbian King Milutin also mentions Blat’ce in his charter for the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg in 1300 (koi grede putь na Blatce).
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Bliznьsko
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Place
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In the period between 1258 and 1277 the Bulgarian Tsar Konstantin I Asen (reigned 1257-1277) donated the hamlet of Bliznьsko to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg (Selo Zdunę vь gorě, i sь zaselkoï těmi, sь Bliznьskom, sь Mokrosěki i sь Golěmoïmь pod(o)mъ i sь Popověni sь vinograd(i), s nivijemъ sь žrъn’kami, sь zimovišti, sъ lětovišti, sъ planinami, sь lovištemь zvěrnoïm(ъ) i roïbnoïmъ, i sь zaběloï, sь vsěmi pravinami i prěždezakon’noïmi ih). In 1300 the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) confirmed the donation of the hamlet of Bliznьsko near Zdunę to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg (Selo Zdune i sь Popovlïani i sь Blьznьskomь i sь Mokrosěci ježe jestь dalь svety Romanь carь prьvi htitorь, sь zaselki těmi sь Velimь podomь. I kraljevьstvo mi tu priloži i crьkvь Svetuju Nedelju, sь vinogradi, sь nivijemь, sь mlini, sь sěnokosi, sь pašišti, sь planinomь, sь lovišti zvěrnimi i ribnymi, sь megïami i sь vsěmi pravinami selь těhь).
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Brodь (1)
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Place
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Between 1258 and 1277 the Bulgarian Tsar Konstantin I Asen (reigned 1257-1277) donated the village of Brodь together with the Metochion of the Mother of God Episkepsis, vineyards, mills, summer pastures, winter pastures, tolls for a ford and a bridge, hunting and fishing grounds, a market and a fair (on 8 September) to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg (Selo Brod a v nemŭ metohŭ Mati Božija jepiskepsis, s nivijemŭ, sŭ vinogradi, sŭ žrĭnkami sŭ livadami, sĭ lětovišti, sŭ zimovišti, sĭ brodninami sŭ mostninami, sŭ lovištem zvěrnoïm i roïbnoïmŭ, i sĭ trŭgomŭ i sŭ panagiremĭ, iže staetĭ .I. septemvrě, i vsakǫ nedelę trŭgŭ, i sĭ dohodkomĭ trŭga togo). In 1300 the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) confirmed the donation of Brodь together with a fair, the Church of the Holy Mother of God, vineyards, mills, bridges and fords, meadows, summer pastures and hunting grounds to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg (Selo Brodĭ: vĭ njemĭ trĭgĭ Nedelja i panagjurĭ .I. dĭnĭ septemvrija, iže jestĭ priložilĭ svety Romanĭ carĭ, i vĭ njemĭ crĭkva Svetaa Bogorodica).
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Butelь
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Place
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The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) confirmed the donation of an abandoned vineyard in Butelь to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg. The vineyard was a former possession of the mother-in-law of the kaznac Dragoslavь, who had granted it to the monastery (I Dragoslavь kaznьcь dade ōt tьst᾿nine si vinogradište Mavrovo u Buteli). The same King donated a vineyard in Butelь to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg, which was a gift of the hieromonk Kaludь. The vineyard lay near the road, which connected Butelь and Dobrušane (I erōmonahь Kaludь dade nivu ōb onu stranu Velike rěke do careva iz᾿voda i do popa Huda, i do radina I. pogonь; i vь Butelje vinograd do Sveti Bogorodice butelьskije i do Bělьptišta uz putь koi grede u Dobrušane). Dobrušane might be either identical with Dobrošane, to the South-East of Kumanovo, or it could be located in the vicinity of Butelь near Skopje.
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Dobrošane
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Place
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The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) granted a vineyard in Butelь to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg, which was a gift of the hieromonk Kaludь. The vineyard lay near the road, which connected Butelь and Dobrušane (I erōmonahь Kaludь dade nivu ōb onu stranu Velike rěke do careva iz᾿voda i do popa Huda, i do radina I. pogonь; i vь Butelje vinograd do Sveti Bogorodice butelьskije i do Bělьptišta uz putь koi grede u Dobrušane). Dobrušane might be either identical with Dobrošane, to the South-East of Kumanovo, or it could be located in the vicinity of Butelь near Skopje. Dobrošane is registered in the Defter for the Sanjak Köstendil from 1519 and from the years 1570 to 1572.
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Dobrutovьci
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Place
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The hamlet of Dobrutovci is mentioned in the charter (the so-called "zbirna hrisovulja") of the Serbian Kings Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) and Stefan Uroš IV Dušan (reigned 1331-1355) from the years 1303/04 and 1336/40-1342/45 for the Monastery of Hilandar (I pride kraljevьstvo mi crьkvь svetije Bogorodice iže vь Lojaně i sь selomь Lojanomь sь vsěmi megjami sela togo i sь vsěmi pravinami i sь vinogrady, i s nivijemь i s livadijemь i sь voděničijemь i sь zaselky Kьkrino i Zaplьžane i Kobilija Glava i Dobrutovci i Gradište, da jestь metohь svetie Bogorodice hilandarske).
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Dobrušane, Local Road, hodos, put
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Place
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The local road between Butelь and Dobrušane is attested in the charter of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) for the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg in the year 1300 (uz putь koi grede u Dobrušane). Dobrušane might be either identical with Dobrošane, to the South-East of Kumanovo, or it could be located in the vicinity of Butelь near Skopje.
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Draga u Jelcima
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Place
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The Village of Draga was given by King Milutin to the Banska Monastery (Sp. IV 4 - I na Jelьš'cahь na Drazě zьd'ci i sь svoimь si selomь).
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Dragininь dolь
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Place
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The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) donated the village of Kalugerovljane together with its hamlets Kalništa, Dragininь dolь, Trěbuša and Topolova, vineyards, fields, meadows, uncultivated land (zabel) and forest to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje (Selo Kalugerovljane nad Pšinomь sь zaselki jego: Kalništa i Dragininь dolь s Trěbušomь, i s Topolovomь, sь vinogradi, i sь nivijemь, sь livadami, sь zaběli polьskymi i dubravnimi, i sь vsěmi pravinami ih). Our localisation follows the proposal by Vassiliki Kravari.
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Dubravica
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Place
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The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) donated the settlement site of Dubravica together with hunting grounds for fish and animals as well as uncultivated land (zabel) to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje (Dade kraljevьstvo mi crьkvi Svetago Georgija selište imenujemo Dubravice niže Tavora, s lovištemь ribnymь i zvěrnymь, i sь nivijemь).
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Dubravica, Church of Saint Demetrius
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Place
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The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) donated the settlement site of Dubravica together with hunting grounds for fish and animals as well as uncultivated land (zabel) to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje. In the subsequent border delimitation a Church of Saint Demetrius is mentioned (Dade kraljevьstvo mi crьkvi Svetago Georgija selište imenujemo Dubravice niže Tavora, s lovištemь ribnymь i zvěrnymь, i sь nivijemь; blato i dubravica; Dubravice do mege Svetago Dimitrija pod zabělomь, i do druma careva koi grede na Pšinju, i do Mela, ta putemь do děla, ta po dělu do mege Svetago Dimitrija).
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Dubravica, Emperor's Road, carev drum
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Place
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The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) donated the settlement site of Dubravica together with hunting grounds for fish and animals as well as uncultivated land (zabel) to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje. In the subsequent border delimitation an Emperor's road (drum carev) leading towards the river Pčinja is mentioned (Dade kraljevьstvo mi crьkvi Svetago Georgija selište imenujemo Dubravice niže Tavora, s lovištemь ribnymь i zvěrnymь, i sь nivijemь; blato i dubravica; Dubravice do mege Svetago Dimitrija pod zabělomь, i do druma careva koi grede na Pšinju, i do Mela, ta putemь do děla, ta po dělu do mege Svetago Dimitrija).
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Dubravica, Fishing Grounds
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Place
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The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) donated the settlement site of Dubravica together with hunting grounds for fish and animals as well as uncultivated land (zabel) to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje (Dade kraljevьstvo mi crьkvi Svetago Georgija selište imenujemo Dubravice niže Tavora, s lovištemь ribnymь i zvěrnymь, i sь nivijemь).
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Dubravica, Hunting Grounds
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Place
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The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) donated the settlement site of Dubravica together with hunting grounds for fish and animals as well as uncultivated land (zabel) to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje (Dade kraljevьstvo mi crьkvi Svetago Georgija selište imenujemo Dubravice niže Tavora, s lovištemь ribnymь i zvěrnymь, i sь nivijemь).
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Dubravica, Uncultivated Land
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Place
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The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) donated the settlement site of Dubravica together with hunting grounds for fish and animals as well as uncultivated land (zabel) to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje (Dade kraljevьstvo mi crьkvi Svetago Georgija selište imenujemo Dubravice niže Tavora, s lovištemь ribnymь i zvěrnymь, i sь nivijemь).
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Dvorište
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Place
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According to the edition of the charter and the secondary literature it is unclear, whether dvorište is a place name or a farmstead. For the time being, we consider it to be a toponym. The hamlet of Dvorište is mentioned in 1314 (Sp. IV 4 - i nis' potokь u rěku konь dvorišta u Gorije čelo...).
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Glusi
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Place
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In a charter of the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos (reigned 1282-1328), at the instigation of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321), in ca. 1299/1300 (or 1308?) for the Tower of Hrusija (Pyrgos Basileiu) of the Monastery of Chilandar on the Holy Mount Athos the donation of the village of Glusi is mentioned (i drugo selo Glusi pod crьkvomь, sь mlini i sь pročimi pravinami jego. I voinikь koi je tu narekomi Geōrьgije Repana). The forged transcript A of the collective charter of Stefan Uroš II Milutin for the Monastery of Chilandar from the years 1303-1304 (or after 1331) reports that the village of Glusii together with Kalogjurgje Repana, the place Krastavʼcь and a katun of Vlachs was granted to the Monastery of Sveti Nikita near Skopje and afterwards to the Tower of Hrusija (Pyrgos Basileiu) in the vicinity of the Chilandar Monastery by the Serbian King (I dahь...i Glusii. A u Glusěhь Kalogjurʼgja Rěpanu i s městomь Krastavʼcь i katunь Vlahьь ... To vʼse utʼvrьdivь i zapisavь dahь Svetomu Nikitě, a Svetago Nikitu dahь mojemu pirʼgu sь vʼsěmь jego utʼvrьždenijemь). The charter of the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan (reigned 1331-1355) for the Monastery of the Holy Archangels Michael and Gabriel near Prizren dated to 1347/48 refers to the village of Golihovo in the border delimitation of the village of Klьčevišta (A megja Klьčevištemь: do visa us poljanu, megju Pьsi Dolь i megju hlьmь tere pravo na kolovozь, i koi putь ide ōt Banjanь pravo mimo selo Slivovikь, kako izlazi kolnikь na kamenikь na brьdo, i ōt tudu pravo u planinu putemь obь druge strane do crьkvišta pri Kalopetrově lozě, a gorě uz dělь u planinu; a ōt Skopija megja, po srědě Dobroga Dola, u putь u prěky koi grede ōt Čahra, i do mramora putemь koi grede uz Golihovo pravo u Banjane, ōt toga puti pravo u visь, koi ide megju Banjane i megju Klьčevišta). Vassiliki Kravari identifies Glusi and Golihovo with today's village of Gluvo.
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Glusi, Mill
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Place
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In a charter of the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos (reigned 1282-1328), at the instigation of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321), in ca. 1299/1300 (or 1308?) for the Tower of Hrusija (Pyrgos Basileiu) of the Monastery of Chilandar on the Holy Mount Athos the donation of a mill in or near the village of Glusi is mentioned (i drugo selo Glusi pod crьkvomь, sь mlini i sь pročimi pravinami jego. I voinikь koi je tu narekomi Geōrьgije Repana).
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Gradište
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Place
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The hamlet of Gradište is attested in the charter (the so-called "zbirna hrisovulja") of the Serbian Kings Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) and Stefan Uroš IV Dušan (reigned 1331-1355) from the years 1303/04 and 1336/40-1342/45 for the Monastery of Hilandar (I pride kraljevьstvo mi crьkvь svetije Bogorodice iže vь Lojaně i sь selomь Lojanomь sь vsěmi megjami sela togo i sь vsěmi pravinami i sь vinogrady, i s nivijemь i s livadijemь i sь voděničijemь i sь zaselky Kьkrino i Zaplьžane i Kobilija Glava i Dobrutovci i Gradište, da jestь metohь svetie Bogorodice hilandarske). The village of Gradište is also mentioned in the Pšinski pomenik from the 15th century.
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Kalništa
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Place
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The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) donated the village of Kalugerovljane together with its hamlets Kalništa, Dragininь dolь, Trěbuša and Topolova, vineyards, fields, meadows, uncultivated land (zabel) and forest to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje (Selo Kalugerovljane nad Pšinomь sь zaselki jego: Kalništa i Dragininь dolь s Trěbušomь, i s Topolovomь, sь vinogradi, i sь nivijemь, sь livadami, sь zaběli polьskymi i dubravnimi, i sь vsěmi pravinami ih). Our localisation follows the proposal by Vassiliki Kravari.
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Kalugerovljane
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Place
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The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) donated the village of Kalugerovljane together with its hamlets Kalništa, Dragininь dolь, Trěbuša and Topolova, vineyards, fields, meadows, uncultivated land (zabel) and forest to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje (Selo Kalugerovljane nad Pšinomь sь zaselki jego: Kalništa i Dragininь dolь s Trěbušomь, i s Topolovomь, sь vinogradi, i sь nivijemь, sь livadami, sь zaběli polьskymi i dubravnimi, i sь vsěmi pravinami ih). Our localisation follows the proposal by Vassiliki Kravari.
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Kalugerovljane, Church of Saint Peter
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Place
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The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) donated the village of Kalugerovljane together with its hamlets Kalništa, Dragininь dolь, Trěbuša and Topolova, vineyards, fields, meadows, uncultivated land (zabel) and forest to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje (Selo Kalugerovljane nad Pšinomь sь zaselki jego: Kalništa i Dragininь dolь s Trěbušomь, i s Topolovomь, sь vinogradi, i sь nivijemь, sь livadami, sь zaběli polьskymi i dubravnimi, i sь vsěmi pravinami ih). Our localisation follows the proposal by Vassiliki Kravari. The Church of Saint Peter (do crьkve Svetago Petra) is mentioned in the border delimitation of Kalugerovljane.
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Kalugerovljane, Meadows
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Place
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The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) donated the village of Kalugerovljane together with its hamlets Kalništa, Dragininь dolь, Trěbuša and Topolova, vineyards, fields, meadows, uncultivated land (zabel) and forest to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje (Selo Kalugerovljane nad Pšinomь sь zaselki jego: Kalništa i Dragininь dolь s Trěbušomь, i s Topolovomь, sь vinogradi, i sь nivijemь, sь livadami, sь zaběli polьskymi i dubravnimi, i sь vsěmi pravinami ih). Our localisation follows the proposal by Vassiliki Kravari.
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Kalugerovljane, Uncultivated Land
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Place
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The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) donated the village of Kalugerovljane together with its hamlets Kalništa, Dragininь dolь, Trěbuša and Topolova, vineyards, fields, meadows, uncultivated land (zabel) and forest to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje (Selo Kalugerovljane nad Pšinomь sь zaselki jego: Kalništa i Dragininь dolь s Trěbušomь, i s Topolovomь, sь vinogradi, i sь nivijemь, sь livadami, sь zaběli polьskymi i dubravnimi, i sь vsěmi pravinami ih). Our localisation follows the proposal by Vassiliki Kravari.
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Kalugerovljane, Vineyards
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Place
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The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) donated the village of Kalugerovljane together with its hamlets Kalništa, Dragininь dolь, Trěbuša and Topolova, vineyards, fields, meadows, uncultivated land (zabel) and forest to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje (Selo Kalugerovljane nad Pšinomь sь zaselki jego: Kalništa i Dragininь dolь s Trěbušomь, i s Topolovomь, sь vinogradi, i sь nivijemь, sь livadami, sь zaběli polьskymi i dubravnimi, i sь vsěmi pravinami ih). Our localisation follows the proposal by Vassiliki Kravari.
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Klustobista
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Place
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In ca. 1299/1300 the Byzantine Co-Emperor Michael IX Palaiologos (reigned 1295-1320) donated half of the village of Klustobistēs to the Monastery of Sveti Nikita (τὸ ἥμισυ τοῦ χωρίου τοῦ καλουμένου τῆς Κλουστοβίστης). In a charter of the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos (reigned 1282-1328), at the instigation of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321), in ca. 1299/1300 (or 1308?) for the Tower of Hrusija (Pyrgos Basileiu) of the Monastery of Chilandar on the Holy Mount Athos the donation of half of the respective village is confirmed (I polь sela Klьčevišta). In 1347/48 the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan (reigned 1331-1355) donated, with the permission of the Župan Radoslav, the village of Klьčevišta and its church of the Mother of God together with the hamlet Brodcь, vineyards, fruits, bought estates and all rights to the Monastery of the Holy Archangels Michael and Gabriel near Prizren (I ješte priloži carьstvo mi crьkvi carьstva mi Arhaggelu sь hotěnijemь ljubimago vlastelina carьstvu mi Radoslava župana, selo Klьčevišta, sь crьkoviju Svetyje Bogorodice, i sь zaselkomь Brod᾿cemь, s vinogrady, sь ōvoštijemь, i s kupljenicami, i sь vsěmi pravinami, kako piše u hrisovulě Klьčevišt᾿komь što jestь zapisalь roditelь carьstva mi gospodinь kral).
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Kobilija Glava
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Place
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The hamlet of Kobilija Glava is mentioned in the charter (the so-called "zbirna hrisovulja") of the Serbian Kings Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) and Stefan Uroš IV Dušan (reigned 1331-1355) from the years 1303/04 and 1336/40-1342/45 for the Monastery of Hilandar ((I pride kraljevьstvo mi crьkvь svetije Bogorodice iže vь Lojaně i sь selomь Lojanomь sь vsěmi megjami sela togo i sь vsěmi pravinami i sь vinogrady, i s nivijemь i s livadijemь i sь voděničijemь i sь zaselky Kьkrino i Zaplьžane i Kobilija Glava i Dobrutovci i Gradište, da jestь metohь svetie Bogorodice hilandarske).
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Kotraža (2)
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Place
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The Serbian Queen Jelena Anžujska (ca. 1230-1314), the mother of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321), confirmed in Kotraža (na Kotraži) the borders, which Dubrovnik held during the reign of her husband Stefan Uroš I (reigned 1243-1276). If Goliqueline is to be located in the same area, then it could well be that both King Stefan Milutin and his mother stayed in the region during the Serbian campaigns against the Byzantine Empire.
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Kьkrino
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Place
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The hamlet of Kьkrino is mentioned in the charter (the so-called "zbirna hrisovulja") of the Serbian Kings Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) and Stefan Uroš IV Dušan (reigned 1331-1355) from the years 1303/04 and 1336/40-1342/45 for the Monastery of Hilandar (I pride kraljevьstvo mi crьkvь svetije Bogorodice iže vь Lojaně i sь selomь Lojanomь sь vsěmi megjami sela togo i sь vsěmi pravinami i sь vinogrady, i s nivijemь i s livadijemь i sь voděničijemь i sь zaselky Kьkrino i Zaplьžane i Kobilija Glava i Dobrutovci i Gradište, da jestь metohь svetie Bogorodice hilandarske).
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Ljašcje
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Place
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The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin donated everything, which belonged to Borko in Ljašcě, to the Monastery of Gračanica. This property was given to the monastery as an exchange of belongings between Gračanica and the Bishopric of Debar (I u Ljašcě vse što se nadi Borkovo).
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Lojane
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Place
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The village of Lojane is mentioned in the charter (the so-called "zbirna hrisovulja") of the Serbian Kings Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) and Stefan Uroš IV Dušan (reigned 1331-1355) from the years 1303/04 and 1336/40-1342/45 for the Monastery of Hilandar. In Lojane was located a Church of the Holy Mother of God, which was handed over to the monastery together with the village of Lojane (I pride kraljevьstvo mi crьkvь svetije Bogorodice iže vь Lojaně i sь selomь Lojanomь sь vsěmi megjami sela togo i sь vsěmi pravinami i sь vinogrady, i s nivijemь i s livadijemь i sь voděničijemь i sь zaselky Kьkrino i Zaplьžane i Kobilija Glava i Dobrutovci i Gradište, da jestь metohь svetie Bogorodice hilandarske). The village of Lojane is registered as Lojan in the Defter for the Sanjak Köstendil from 1519 and from the years 1570 to 1572.
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Lumpotanion
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Place
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The village of Λουμποτάνιον (Ljubotěnĭ) is mentioned in a charter of the Byzantine Co-Emperor Michael IX Palaiologos (reigned 1295-1320) for the Monastery of Sveti Nikita in ca. 1299/1300 (πλανηνὴν εἰς τὸ Λουμποτάνιον μετὰ τῆς περιοχῆς αὐτῆς). The toponym is again attested in a charter of the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos (reigned 1282-1328), which was issued at the instigation of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321), in ca. 1299/1300 (or 1308?) for the Tower of Hrusija (Pyrgos Basileiu) of the Monastery of Chilandar on the Holy Mount Athos (Planina Ljubotěnĭ sĭ oblastijem si).
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Lumpotanion, Summer Pasture
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Place
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In ca. 1299/1300 the Byzantine Co-Emperor Michael IX Palaiologos (reigned 1295-1320) donated a summer pasture in the vicinity of the village of Λουμποτάνιον (Ljubotěnĭ) to the Monastery of Sveti Nikita (πλανηνὴν εἰς τὸ Λουμποτάνιον μετὰ τῆς περιοχῆς αὐτῆς). In a charter of the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos (reigned 1282-1328), at the instigation of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321), in ca. 1299/1300 (or 1308?) for the Tower of Hrusija (Pyrgos Basileiu) of the Monastery of Chilandar on the Holy Mount Athos the donation of the respective summer pasture is confirmed (Planina Ljubotěnĭ sĭ oblastijem si).
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Modriče
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Place
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In the list of 14 abbots of the Serbian church the Abbot Vartolomej from the Monastery in Modriče occupies the ninth place (modričskii vrьdoloměi). According to the Nomic charter preserved in the Land Inventory Brebion one witness in the dispute over the possession rights of the hill Pleš, whose name was Kalinik, came from Modriče (kir Kalinikь ōd Modriče). The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan donated together with his son, the Young King (mlad kralь) Uroš, the village of Štenče together with all rights and boundaries to the Monastery of the Holy Virgin of Htetovo. The boundaries in the charter are called after the sites Modriče and Gostivar (Štenče selo sь vsěmi pravinami i s megami, sь modričkymi i gostivarskymi, i do metochyje Svetyje Nedělje, pravo nizь děl prěz Veliku, na Dubь jedini, na Lisiče Jazbine, pravo naa Mogilice, na cěstu u Crьveni Brěg, a ōt Crьvenoga Brěga pravo na Glogovnikь).
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Morobisdos
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Place
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A praise poem by the Byzantine poet Manuel Philes (13th/14th century) for the Byzantine general Michael Dukas Glabas Tarchaneiotes relates, among other things, about the conquest of Morobisdos (Εὐτζάπολιν δὲ συλλαβὼν Μοροβίσδου, Σκόπιά τε Σθλάβιτζαν ἐξ εὐανδρίας, Καὶ τὸν Πίαντζον καὶ τὸ περὶ τὸν Στρόμον, Καὶ τὸν περὶ Στρούμμιτζαν ἄφθονον τόπον). The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin donated in 1300 the village Avazgovo to the Monastery of Saint George–Gorg near Skopia (Skopje) with all its possessions (especially pastures - summer and winter pastures), which had already been given to the monastery by the Byzantine emperor Manuel I. Komnenos (Avazgovo pod Moroїzvizdomĭ eže prida kÿrь Manoilь carь, s vinogradi, s nivijem, sь sěnokosi, s pašišti, sь letovišti, sь zimovišti, i sь mlini, sь planinomь i sь vsěmi pravinami). The village Morobisdos is mentioned in the charter of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin for the Monastery Gračanica from year 1315 (or 1321?) (i po Morozvizdu). In the founding charter of the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV. Dušan for the Eparchy of Zletovo with its seat in the Monastery Lěsnovo (1) from the year 1346/47 it is said that the Eparchy of Morobisdos had fallen in desolation for many years (Poiskavše ōbrětosmo vь ōblasti toi episkopiju Morozviždьsku ōtь mnogyhь lětьь zapustěvšu). For this reason it was subordinated to the new eparchy with the village of Morobisdos and its borders (sь selomь těmь Morozvizdomь i sь ōtьtesomь sela toga). The Serbian local ruler Konstantin Dragaš donated on the 15th August 1381 the Monastery Lěsnovo (1) with all its possessions, including the village Morobisdos and its hamlets Rokjevci and Grьdovci, to the Hilandar Monastery (selo Morōzvizdь i sь zaselci Rōkjevci i Grьdovci i sь vsěmi megjami i pravinami sela togo).
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Mērana
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Place
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In ca. 1299/1300 the Byzantine Co-Emperor Michael IX Palaiologos (reigned 1295-1320) donated the village of Mērana in (the župa of) Morava to the Monastery of Sveti Nikita (χωρίον διακείμενον εἰς τὴν Μοράβαν καὶ ἐπονομαζόμενον τὴν Μηράναν). In a charter of the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos (reigned 1282-1328), at the instigation of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321), in ca. 1299/1300 (or 1308?) for the Tower of Hrusija (Pyrgos Basileiu) of the Monastery of Chilandar on the Holy Mount Athos the donation of the respective village is confirmed (I selo u Moravě narekomoje Izmira). The forged transcript A of the collective charter of the Serbian King Milutin for the Monastery of Chilandar from the years 1303-1304 (or after 1331) reports that the village of S'mira in Morava was granted to the Monastery of Sveti Nikita near Skopje and afterwards to the Tower of Hrusija (Pyrgos Basileiu) in the vicinity of the Monastery of Chilandar by the Serbian King (i u Moravě selo S'mira ... To vʼse utʼvrьdivь i zapisavь dahь Svetomu Nikitě, a Svetago Nikitu dahь mojemu pirʼgu sь vʼsěmь jego utʼvrьždenijemь).
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Nagoričino, Church of Saint George
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Place
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According to the Life of Saint Prohor Pčinjski (11th c.) Prohor settled in a small cave in the deserted area of Nagoričino in Žegligovo as a hermit (vь glubokuju pustynnju Nagoričeskuju). In Nagoričino also his hermitage (cave) is to be found. The original construction of the Church of Saint George in Nagoričino is dated to the 11th century and associated with Saint Prohor Pčinjski or the Byzantine Emperor Romanos IV Diogenes (reigned 1068-1071). The Life of Saint Joakim Osogovski from the 12th century gives an account on the building activity of an anonymous Emperor (hram prpodbnomu vъ ime svjatogo velikomčenika Hristvo Gjeōrgia). The church fell without doubt into disrepair in the last quarter of the 13th century. According to the Slavonic inscription at the Western entrance to the narthex, the church was renewed by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) in the year 1313. In this inscription a certain abbot called Andonij is also mentioned. This hint suggests that a monastery existed at that time near the church itself (Izvoleniemь božiemь sьzda sja domь svetago i velikoslavnago mjačenika Hristova Geōrgijě vь dny svjatorodnago i prěvysokago kralě Uroša Milutina, bogomь samodrьžьcu vsei srbьskoi zemli i primorьskoi, pri bogočьstivěi kralici Simonidě, i pri igumeně Andony, v lěto 6821 [1313]). According to the Slavonic inscription from 1318 in the interior, the church was decorated with frescoes by order of the Serbian King Milutin under the abbot Benjamin (Božiemь izvoljenijemь sьzʼda se ōt osnovanie, i popisa se, čьstnii hramь podaijemь vsakiim prevysokago krala Stefana Uroša, vь lěto 6826, pri igumeně Beniamine). Another inscription in the interior above the Western entrance has not been preserved. Between 1300 and 1318/21 a certain anagnost Radin from Nagoričino in Žegligovo (anagnosta Radina Nagoričanina izь Žegligova) wrote a gospel for the priest Zagoranin in Sušica. The old Serbian Genealogies (rodoslovi) and Annals (letopisi) report that the Serbian King Milutin had founded or endowed numerous monasteries, amongst others also the Monastery of Saint George in Nagoričino (Nagoričino svetomu Geōrgiju; i vь Nagoričine svetago Gjeōrgija; i druguju vь Nagoričinu; i vь Nagoričine Georgia). In the same sources Žegligovo and Nagoričino are subsumed in one geographical unit (i u Nagoričinu na Žegligovo crьkov svetago velikomučenika Georgia; i u Nagoričinu na Žegligovu crkovь svetago velikomučenika Georgia; i u Nagoričinu na Žegligovu crkovь svetago mučenika Georgia; i u Nagoričinu na Žegligovo crkovь svetago velikomučenika Georgia; i u Nagoričinu na Žegligovu crkovь svetago velikomučenika Georgija). The Lives of the Serbian Kings and Archbishops by Archbishop Danilo II and his successors confirm the renewal of the church under the Serbian King Milutin (i crkovь svetaago Georgьgija nagoričьskaago). The abbot Benjamin from Nagoričino is named in the list of abbots in two Serbian charters (1317 and one forgery from the 15th century, where he is referrred to as nagoričkii Beniaminь, respectively nagorički Beniaminь). According to the aforesaid Lives of the Serbian Kings and Archbishops, the Serbian King Stefan Uroš III Dečanski (reigned 1321-1331) gathered his army in the forefront of the Battle of Velbužd in the first half of 1330 on a field called Dobrič, located in today's South-Eastern Serbia at the confluence of the rivers Južna Morava and Toplica. He intended to confront the Bulgarian Tsar Michael III Šišman (reigned 1323-1330) at this place. When messengers informed him that the Bulgarian Tsar had intruded Serbian territory near the castle of Zemen on the upper reaches of the river Struma, where the then border of the Serbian Kingdom lay, he set his army in march and first moved to Nagoričino, where he prayed in the Church of Saint George (priide vь monastirь svoi kь svetomu mučeniku Hristovu Georьgiju Nagoričьskomu). The victory of King Stefan Dečanski at the Battle of Velbužd on 28 July 1330 is described by the Serbian annals and the aforesaid Lives of the Serbian Kings and Archbishops. According to the Serbian annals, King Stefan Dečanski captured Michael Šišman and brought him to Žegligovo (aduxere eum in Segligovo), where the Bulgarian Tsar died and was buried in the Church of Saint George in the village of Nagoričino (et sepulchro datus est in Ecclesia sancti Georgii in pago Gorichina). On the contrary, the Lives of the Serbian Kings and Archbishops describe that the Bulgarian ruler had already died in the battle. His corpse was brought to the Church of Saint George in the place called Nagoričino (prěnesenu Georьgija vь městě rekoměmь Nagoričьskaago) and entombed there. In a ledger containing a list of debtors and guarantors of the Ragusan merchant Mihailo Lukarević from Novo Brdo, dated to the period from 1432 to 1438, a certain Radiuoj Tatich from Nagoričino, who was born in Kokÿno (de Chochina in Nagorizno/Nagorzno) is mentioned. On his campaign against the town of Skutari (now Shkodra in Albania) in May 1474 the Ottoman Pasha of Rumeli stayed with his army in Nagoričino, which was three days of journey away from Kosovo Polje (Bassa Romanie cum numeroso et valido exercitu dimissus est in loco dicto Nagoricino, distanti a Cossovo itinere dierum trium). In the Pšinski pomenik (15th c.) Nagoričino is attested as Staro Nagoričino ("Old Nagoričino"), while the toponym of Nagoričino is obviously used for Mlado Nagoričino. Nagoričino is registered in the Defter for the Sanjak Köstendil from 1519 with the attribute "Staro" and from the years 1570 to 1572 as Gühne Nogoriç, Köhne-i Nagoriç and Köhne-yi Nogoriç (with the meaning of "Staro Nogorič"). The assumption that Edward Brown (1668-1669, published in 1673) saw the Church of Saint George in Nagoričino, while passing through Kumanovo, is probably incorrect ("near which [scil. Kumanovo] there is still a Greek Monastery, upon the side of the hills"). Rather he wrote about Sveta Bogorodica Črьnogorska in the Skopska Crna Gora, to the West of Kumanovo. In 1704 the Serbian scribe Jerotej Račanin refers to Nagoričino as 40 churches ("40 crkvy" or Turkish "krka klisa").
From the viewpoint of Art History, it should be emphasised that the Serbian King Milutin had the upper part of the Church of Saint George built on the destroyed walls of an older edifice in 1312/13 as evidenced by the aforesaid inscription above the Western entrance. The frescoes in the church were completed in 1317/18 according to the aforesaid inscription from 1318 in the interior and were executed by the painters Michael and Eutychius. The Church of Saint George is in the form of an inscribed cross with five domes, with barrel and groin vaults and a semicircular apse on the East (the altar space is relatively large and is continuing to the space of the nave), while the older edifice is clearly visible (especially on the Northern side of the church).
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Nerašta
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Place
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The Byzantine Co-Emperor Michael IX Palaiologos donated in ca. 1299/1300 the village of Nerašta to the Monastery of Saint Nikita (χωρίον διακείμενον περὶ τὸν Πόλογον καὶ ἐπιλεγόμενον Νεράσταν). In a charter of the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos - at the instigation of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin - in ca. 1299/1300 (or 1308?) for the tower of Hrusija of the Monastery of Chilandar on the Holy Mount Athos the donation of the respective village is confirmed (I u Polozě selo Nerašta s pravinami jegō).
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Odri
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Place
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The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin donated the village of Odri in Polog with the church of Sveti Dmitrij, people, summer pasture, all boundaries and rights to the Monastery of Gračanica. These properties were given to the monastery within the scope of an exchange of property between Gračanica and the Bishopric of Debar (I Bane u Suhogrьlě koi běhu takožde upisani vь ōtčině mi hrisovulě, i vzehь i dahь Svetomu Nikolě jepiskuplii dьbrьskoi, a za ne dahь zaměnu Svety Bogorodici gradčanьskoi u Polozě Ōdri crьkьovь Svetago Dmitrija sь ljudmi i sь planinomь, i sь vse mi megjami pravi mi koako si je imalo se to ōd iskoni).
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Ovče Pole
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Place
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The Bulgarian Khan Boris built in the 9th century churches in Ovče Pole according to a Bulgarian chronicle (i na rěcě Brěgalnici, i tu prïemь carьstvo; na Ovči poli sьzda běli crьkvi). The Vita of Saint Prohor Pčinjski (11th century) gives account about Prohor, who came from a village in Ovče Pole (ōt vesї ovčopolskija). The disarmed Pechenegs were, according to Ioannes Skylitzes, settled on the plains of Ovče Pole in the first half of the 11th century (ἀνά τε τὰς πεδιάδας τῆς Σαρδικῆς, τῆς Ναϊσσοῦ καὶ τῆς Εὐτζαπόλεως διασπείρας πάντας καὶ πᾶν ὅπλον ἀφελόμενος διὰ τὸ ἀνεπιβούλευτον). The Nicene Empire conquered in 1246 parts of Macedonia, including Ovče Pole (Νευστάπολίς). Nine years later, in 1255, the Byzantine Emperor Theodoros II. Laskaris led his army through the Ovče Pole (διὰ τῆς Νευσταπόλεως), which was a waterless and houseless area (ἄνυδρος δέ ἐστιν ὁ τόπος καὶ ἄοικος καὶ πλήθει στρατευμάτων δυσβάδιστος). Ephraim (ἅμ’ Εὐτζαπόλει, resp. διὰ Ναυτζαπόλεως ἀνύδρου τόπου) and also Theodoros Skutariotes (Νευστάπολίς, resp. διὰ τῆς Νευσταπόλεως) describe both conquests. Ovče Pole (Ovьče Polje) was incorporated in the Serbian dominion under the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin in 1282/83. A poem in honor of the Byzantine general Michael Dukas Glabas Tarchaneiotes, which is the work of the Byzantine writer Manuel Philes (13th/14th c.), mentions amongst others the Byzantine conquest of Ovče Pole (Εὐτζάπολιν δὲ συλλαβὼν Μοροβίσδου, Σκόπιά τε Σθλάβιτζαν ἐξ εὐανδρίας, Καὶ τὸν Πίαντζον καὶ τὸ περὶ τὸν Στρόμον, Καὶ τὸν περὶ Στρούμμιτζαν ἄφθονον τόπον). The region (strana) of Ovče Pole (i Ōvčepolsku) is attested in the interpolated charter of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin for the Hilandar Monastery from the year 1303/1304 (or after 1331?). The byzantine-serbian border in Macedonia became the central subject of negotiations in 1308 between the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin and Charles de Valois, when the latter sought to conquer the Byzantine Empire. The area of Ovče Pole (et contrata Ouciepoullie) should remain according to the treaty in the Serbian kingdom. The Serbian annals give account about the miraculous epiphany of the Saint Nicholas to the Serbian King Stefan Uroš III Dečanski in the Church of Saint Nicholas in Ovče Pole, where the saint healed the blindness of the king (et cum fuisset in Ovczepolye, in templo S. Nicolai). The same miracle is attested in the Vita of Stefan Dečanski, which was written by Grigorij Camblak (15th century; polje ovčee imenuemo). In 1330 the scribe Stanislav finished a Slavonic manuscript in the domain of Ovče Pole in the region of Zletovo on the mountains of Lěsnovo in the Monastery of Saint Archangel Michael (vь ōblasti ōvčepolьskoi vь horě zletovstěi, vь gorě lěsnovьstěi, vь monastiri stgo arhistratiga Mihaila). The same notice in the manuscript mentions that the Serbian King Stefan Uroš III Dečanski took control over Ovče Pole (i ōvčepolьsko). In the charter of Stefan Dečanski for the Monastery of Saint Nikola Mrački (Pešterski manastir) from the year 1330 appears the term zemli Ovčepolьskoi. From the slavic colophon of the scribe Stanislav in the Menaion of the Serbian Despot Jovan Oliver for the Monastery of the Saint Archangel Michael in Lesnovo from the 1342 results, that Jovan Oliver ruled at that time over the entire area of Ovče Pole (ōblastiju vseju ōvčepolьskoju). The Serbian Emperor mentions Ovče Pole (na Ovči Poli) in his charter for the Monastery of the Saint Archangels Michael and Gabriel near Prizren. The monks of the Hilandar Monastery complained in 1355 to the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan about the border violations by the people, who lived in the villages, which belonged to Karьba (selě zem'li Kar'bin'čkoi), whereupon the governor (kefalija) of Štip named David Mihojević (poslach kjefaliju Štip'skoga Davida Michojevikja) was sent out to determine the boundaries of the monastery in this area. In the boundary description of the Hilandar Monastery near the land of Karьba also Ovče Pole is mentioned (po ōnoi straně odь Ovča Polja). The Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan issued on the 2th Mai 1355 the charter for the Hilandar Monastery in Ovče Pole (na Ovči Poli). The Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan confirmed on the 17th Mai 1355 at the state council (sabor) in Krupište the tenure of the Monastery of Saint Petar Koriški as metochion for the Hilandar Monastery. The charters in question were written by the Serbian Logothet Gjurg in Ovče Pole (na Ovči Poli, resp. na Ovči Polii). The Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan issued on the 2th July at the state council in Krupište the third charter for the Hilandar Monastery, which was again written by the same Serbian Logothet in Ovče Pole (na Ovči Poli). In the forged charter from the 15th century, previously referred as a document issued by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin for the settlement Ulijare around 1318, amongst other places also Ovče Pole is mentioned (Ōvče polje). The Serbian Despot Stefan Lazarević granted in 1408/1409 a safe conduct to the ottoman troops from the area of Toplica via Kosovo to Ovče Pole (prohode kь Ovčju polju). In spring and summer of 1413 the two Ottoman pretenders to the throne Mehmed and Musa fought for supremacy on the Balkan Peninsula. Mehmed was supported by the Serbian Despot Stefan Lazarević. In the course of the military operations, Musa initially stayed in the Ovče Pole (in the Ragusan sources called Ovcepogle). Then Mehmed and Stefan Lazarević together with their troops crossed the Črьna Gora (Prěšьdьše že Črьmnu Goru) and reached the Ovče Pole (kь Ovьčju polju), where Djuradj Branković, Stefan's nephew, took command over the Serbian contingents. The Ottoman troops plundered the region of Žegligovo and Ovče Pole in 1512 (to lěto plěniše Turci Žegligovo, Ovče Polě). Ovče Pole is registered in the Defters for the Sanjak Köstendil between the years 1570 and 1572 as a summer pasture. Ovče Pole (Ovče polje is mentioned in the Pomenik from 15th–18th century. The Serbian scribe and copyist Jerotej Račanin travelled through the Ovče Pole on his pilgrimage to the Holy Land in 1704. He describes the area of Ovče Pole as beautiful, rich in fields, grain, vineyards and all kinds of fruit, with beautiful rivers and cold, pure sources, with cities and villages.
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Pakljani
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Place
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Pakljani was given by King Milutin to an unknown Vlah (Sp. IV 6 - i Vlahu Pьkljani).
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Podbrězi
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Place
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The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin donated the place of Borko near Podbrezi with a court and people to the Monastery of Gračanica. This property was given to the monastery within the scope of an exchange of property between Gračanica and the Bishopric of Debar (i Borkovo město, što se nahodi u Podьbrězěhь i dvor).
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Polaz
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Place
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The village of Polaz was given by King Milutin to the Monastery of Banjska (Sp. IV 4 - I cr(ь)kvь S(ve)t(a)go D'mitrija u Běkově i sь sely. Selo Běkovo, selo Polььzь(sic), selo Hropalica.).
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Poljance
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The village of Poljance was given by King Milutin to the Monastery of Banjska (Sp. IV 4 - , ōt cr(ь)kvište kako dělь grede meždu Poljan'ce i meždu Rjuišta).
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Polog
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The Byzantine historian Anna Komnene relates that the Norman general Raoul of Pontoise conquered Skopje and Peter of Aulps took probably Lower und Upper Polog in 1082 (ἔνθέν τοι καὶ τοὺς μὲν δύο Πολόβους εὐθὺς ὁ Πέτρος τοῦ Ἀλίφα κατέσχε, τὰ δὲ Σκόπια ὁ προρρηθεὶς Πουντέσης). She reports also that Peter von Aulps was able to defend both Polog territories, despite the fact that the Bohemond's payment of soldier’s pay was delayed and the commanders received offers from the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos (καὶ τὸν τοὺς Πολόβους φυλάσσοντα Πέτρον τοῦ Ἀλίφα). As a result of Kastoria's capitulation, even Peter of Aulps, was left alone and could not hold the two Polog areas for long. He offered his services to the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos and the Byzantines became rulers of the two Polog areas again. The whole region of Polog is mentioned in a letter of Archbishop Theophylaktos of Ohrid to the governor of Dyrrhachion Ioannes Komnenos, probably written in 1090. The archbishop complains to the governor about the situation of the clergy in Polog. The Byzantine Emperor previously issued a document granting the clerics of the city of Ōhrid and its surroundings freedom from all tax burdens except the ζευγολόγιον (tax imposed on the draught cattle). According to Theophylaktos the imperial officials ignored the decree. He therefore asked the governor to write a pittakion to confirm the tax exemption. He also asked him to renew the required payments of the ἀερικόν and the ὀτρωτζίνα. The second epistle, probably written by the Archbishop between the years 1092-1097, shows that even after the governor issued his pittakion, the clerics of Polog were still forced to perform various duties and taxes. The Serbian Grand Prince (Veliki Župan) Vukan devastated in 1092 the area in the vicinity of Skopje and even conquered Polog (κᾷθ’ οὕτως τεθαρρηκὼς ὁ Βολκάνος ὡς μή τινος τοῦ ἀντικαθισταμένου περιλειφθέντος ἐληίζετο τὰς παρακειμένας πόλεις καὶ χώρας, καὶ τῶν Σκοπίων τὴν ἔξω χώραν τελείως ἠρίπωσε, τὸ δέ τι καὶ κατέκαυσεν. οὐ μέχρι δὲ τούτου, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸν Πόλοβον καταλαβὼν καὶ ἄχρι Βρανέας φθάσας καὶ δῃώσας ἅπαντα πολλὴν τὲ λείαν ἐκεῖθεν ἀφελόμενος εἰς τὴν οἰκείαν ὑπέστρεψε χώραν). The Arab geographer al-Idrisi mentions in 1153/1154 a city bearing the name of Būluġū in a description of the route from Dyrrhachion to the city of Chrysopolis in his work ῾Kitab al-Rujar. According to al-Idrisi, it was two days' journey from Ōhrid. It was on a large mountain and was said to have been beautiful. According to al-Idrisi, between Būluġū and the city of Skopje, which was located north-east of Būluġū, the traveller had to reckon with a distance of a day's journey. Although Būluġū has often been identified with some towns in Polog, the sparse data for exact localization do not suffice and it seems that al-Idrisi describes rather an administrative unit. The Serbian Grand Prince Stefan Nemanja, actually a loyal vassal of the Byzantine Empire since his deditio in 1172, risked an uprising in 1183 and was able to invade the city of Sofia/Serdica and devastate the surrounding territory with the help of the Hungarian King Béla III. Then he went alone, only with his forces and destroyed the strongholds in Velbužd, Žitomisk, Skopje, Lěšok in the lower Polog and the town of Gradac (Prišьdь bo prěpodobʼni sevty Symeōn sь ugьrьskymь kralemь i donde grada do Srědʼca rekomago i vь sʼkrušenije postavi jego i vь ōpustěnije konьčʼnoje. Vьzvraštьšou že se rizě ugьrьskomu vь svoje njemu vladičьstvo, ōn že svety ōtvraštь se ōt nego ide sь siloju svojeju na gradь Pernikь i tьь skrušivь svojeju i vь ōpustěnije i i gradь Stobь i gradь Zemlьnь i gradь Velьbluždь i gradь Žitomitьskь i gradь Skьplь i gradь Lěšьskь u Dolnemь Polozě i gradь Gradьcь). According to the Vita of him, which was written by his son Stefan the First-Crowned, Stefan Nemanja fully included not only the Lower Polog with Lěšok and Gradac, but also the Upper Polog with border areas in his dominion (Priloži že kь zemli ōtčьstvija svoigo ōblastь nyševьskuju do konca, Lypljanь že i Moravu i glagoljemy Vrani, prizrěnsku že ōblastь i Pologa ōba do konca sь megami svoimi). The area of Polog appears again several times in the document corpus of Demetrios Chomatenos. These charters give account about the situation in this administrative entity shortly after the successful conquest of Macedonia up to the city of Skopje in 1217–1219 by the Epirote ruler Theodoros I Komnenos Dukas. The widow Maria from Polog addressed the archbishop's synod due to an inheritance matter (Παρέστη ἡ ἀπὸ τοῦ Πολόγου ὁρμωμένη χήρα γυνή, ἧς τοὔνομα Μαρία). The monk Gerasimos from the Monastery of the Holy Theotokos in Htětovo and the priest Dobros, both from the village of Banista in the Upper Polog, argued over a property that was illegally confiscated in the past (Ὁ γὰρ ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἄνω Πολόγου ὁρμώμενος καὶ ἐν τῇ σεβασμίᾳ μονῇ τῆς ὑπεραγίας δεσποίνης ἡμῶν Θεοτόκου τῇ ἐν Κτεατόβῃ ἀσκούμενος μοναχὸς Γεράσιμος μετὰ τοῦ παρ’ αὐτοῦ ἐναγομένου καὶ ἐκεῖθεν ὁρμωμένου καὶ ἐν τῷ χωρίῳ Βανίστῃ οἰκοῦντος Δόβρου ἱερέως τῷ παναγιωτάτῳ ἡμῶν δεσπότῃ, τῷ ἀρχιεπισκόπῳ πάσης Βουλγαρίας, παραστάς, κατὰ τοῦ τοιούτου ἱερέως ἐνῆγε λέγων). In this context, Polog is described as χώρα. The term was used to denote the administrative unit or even a province at the time. In a bizarre divorce trial, Georgios' former wife is briefly mentioned. Georgios wanted to live with her again. Her name was Omprada and she was the daughter of a certain Radoslav from Lower Polog (Λαβὼν γυναῖκα νομίμως ἐκ πρώτου συνοικεσίου τὴν θυγατέρα τοῦ Ῥαδοσλάβου τοῦ οἰκοῦντος ἐν τῷ Κάτω Πολόγῳ, τὴν καλουμένην Ὀμπράδα). The Bulgarian Tsar Konstantin I Asen, who reigned between the years 1257-1277, confirmed in the fragmentary preserved chrysobull charter the previous possessions of the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje, which was erected by the Byzantine emperor Romanos III. Argyros. Beside the area around Skopje and Prilep, the document also explicitly mentions the dominion (oblast) of Polog. A list of donated villages in this territory follows, which included the village of Rěčice, the so-called Krajište of Lisec, the village of Lěskovljani and also the furrow near Htětovo. Then the possessions of the monastery in Upper Polog are mentioned. Unfortunately, the name of the first village has not survived, but it possessed vineyards and mills. Two other villages, Tōčilь and the village of Banica with vineyards and mills, are easily readable (Vь Položkoi ōblasti selo Rěčici, i to darovan’noje svetoïmь Romanomъ carjemь Svetōmu Geōrgiju sъ vinogradi, sь nivijemъ, i sъ žrъnъkami, sъ perivolmi, sь sěnokosi, sь zaběloï, sь planinami, sь lovištemъ zvěrnoïmъ, i sь vsěmi dohodkoï i sь vsěmi pravinami, i da ne meteha nikoi kefalija, nikōtori vladalecь carьstva mi ni vladalʼci gospodstvujaštih po carьstvu mi, da ne ima vьlěsti vь seko Rěčici, ni sjaditi, ni svjazati, ni globja vьzjati, nikōi dohodokь vьzjati, vsakoi dohōdokь i birokь zakōnʼnoii da si vʼzima crьkva· A sinor selu tōmu: ōt izvora Rěčickjaja rěkja na desnō vьzdolь..nizь brьdo na Ōslьnikь, ta na Ivanovь dolь, ta pō rovčišta, ta meždu Prěslopь a meždu Ōgraždenikь prěz brьdo na na izvorь Palʼčiškja rěkja, i nizь rěkja do Katafigь, ta vъzь brьdo na kraište kako slazi Lisecь vьs kraište Lisečkō, niz gvozdъ na studenʼčec, ta na Glьbokoi dolь, i ōt Glьboka dola.....a ōt sěverьnja...strana prězь ljagь prěko Velikja rěkja, ta nizь Velikja do Htětovьskja brazdja..... .......o na Točilь koi laz....ad...Lěskovijane......vьz brьdō do gor.... desno ..... pjatemь.. Suhja.. planinja..št.nizь gvozdь na Rěčičkja rěkja do izvora jeja, i tō vse paričkō městō. I vь Gornemь Polozě selo...nivijemь sь vinogradi, sь žrъnьkami, sь vsěmi pravinami ih. Selo Tōčilъ i planina rekōma sъ vseja pravinoja. Selo Banici sъ nivijemъ sъ vinōgradi , s žrъnkami, i sъ vsěmi pravinami). Immediately after the ruler of Nicaea, Michael Palaiologos, was elevated to the rank of Despot, he sent his brother Ioannes with a small army, which was reinforced after the Battle of Pelagonia in 1259, to reconquer the territories of Macedonia. The Byzantine historian Georgios Pachymeres describes that Ioannes also captured fortresses in Polog. Ioannes achieved this success more with his diplomatic skills than militarily, because he fought only occasionally (Τοῖς δὲ δυτικοῖς καὶ προσετετήκει· ὅθεν καὶ τὸν οἰκεῖον ἀδελφὸν Ἰωάννην, μέγαν ἔτι δομέστικον ὄντα, συνάμα πλείσταις δυνάμεσι πέμπει, ὅς, τοῖς δυτικοῖς ἐπιστάς, φοβερὸν ἔδοξε πνέειν ἐκείνοις, ἅμα μὲν τῷ θερμῷ τῆς νεότητος, ἅμα δὲ καὶ τῷ περὶ ἐκεῖνον στρατεύματι κουφιζόμενος. Καὶ ἀπτέρῳ τάχει αἱρεῖ μὲν τὸ περὶ τὰ Κάνινα φρούριον, αἱρεῖ δὲ καὶ τὸ περὶ τὰ Βελλάγραδα καὶ Πόλογον καὶ Κολώνειαν, χειροῦται δὲ καὶ Καστορίαν καὶ Πελαγονίαν καὶ Δεύρας, Τζέρνικόν τε καὶ Διάβολιν καὶ τὴν Πρίλαπον, Βοδεεινά τε καὶ Βόστρον, ἔλλιμνον νῆσον, Πέτραν, Πρέσπαν τε καὶ Στερίδολα καὶ Ἀχρίδαν καὶ τὰ Ἰλλυριῶν ὀχυρώματα, καὶ ἕως Δυρραχίου φθάνει τὸ δόρυ κινῶν· προσβάλλει δὲ καὶ Πάτρᾳ καὶ Τρίκκῃ. Καὶ τὰ κύκλῳ κατὰ συνθήκας κρατήσας, καὶ ἀμαχεὶ τὰ πλεῖστα, εἰς φόβον μέγαν καθίστησι τὸν δεσπότην καὶ ἐν στενῷ κομιδῇ. Τότε καὶ ἐγγίονος ἀξιῶν τύχης αὐτὸν πρὸς αὐτὸν καὶ ὁ κρατῶν, πέμψας τὰ σύμβολα, σεβαστοκράτορα καθιστᾷ). The sources give almost no information about the Byzantine administration of Polog, except for the later Byzantine Emperor and historian Ioannes Kantakuzenos. He gives a longer account on Theodoros Synadenos, who was born around 1280. He mentions also his father, the Megas Stratopedarches Ioannes Synadenos, who administered Polog as Toparch. However, Ioannes Kantakuzenos localized Polog in the macro-region of Dalmatia, because he probably confused the broader regional designation Illyrikon with Dalmatia (ὁ δέ γε πατὴρ τοῦ πρὸς ἑσπέραν κατὰ τὴν Δαλματίαν λεγομένου Πολόγου τοπάρχης ἦν. ὁ δέ γε πατὴρ τοῦ πρὸς ἑσπέραν κατὰ τὴν Δαλματίαν λεγομένου Πολόγου τοπάρχης ἦν· ἣν δὴ τοπαρχίαν σὺν ἑαυτῷ τῷ πρώτῳ τῶν βασιλέων προσαγαγὼν Παλαιολόγῳ τῷ Μιχαὴλ καὶ ὑποχείριον ἀποδείξας αὐτῷ, τιμῶν τε ἠξιώθη μεγάλων παρὰ Ῥωμαίοις καὶ γάμου κοινωνίας ἐπιφανοῦς, τῇ βασιλέως ἀνεψιᾷ συναφθείς). Probably in 1268 or 1269 an embassy to the Serbs, consisting of the Metropolitan of Traianupolis Ioannes Kondumnes, the Patriarch of Constantinople Joseph I and the Chartophylax of Hagia Sophia Ioannes Bekkos, failed to arrange a marriage between Anna, the daughter of the Byzantine Emperor Michael VIII. Palaiologos and Milutin, the second son of the Serbian King. Georgios Pachymeres relates that the embassy also passed through Polog and gives his explanation of the Slavic name to his audience (Τῇ Πολόγῳ δὲ παραγγειλάντων, ἣν δὴ ἄλσος Θεοῦ ἐκεῖνοι κατὰ γλῶσσαν εἴπειαν). Polog was withdrawn from the sovereign authority of the Byzantine Empire in 1282/1283 during the reign of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (Prьvěje prijetь oba Pologa sь gradovy ihь i sь oblastiju, i gradь slavьnyi Skopije, po sihь že Ovьče Polje i Zletovu i Pijanьc. Takovyje vьse zemlje prijetь vь prьvoje prišьstvije jego, i priloži ihь kь drьžavě otьčьstvija svojego). In 1300, Polog is mentioned for the first time as Župa in the charter of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin for the Monastery of Saint George Gorg near Skopje. The word župa is attested in connection with the village of Rěčice. Firstly, the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II. Milutin, as the issuer, refers to the older privileges for the monastery, including the charter of the Bulgarian Tsar Konstantin I Asen, which he confirms and therefore repeats the phrase vь ōblasti položьkoi. Only later, when he comes to the privileges of the village of Rěčice, the Serbian King mentions Župa. He freed the village of Rěčice from all works, taxes and duties, which the villagers were obliged to pay to the Governor of the Polog Župa (Selo vь ōblasti položьkoi Rěčice s popovlïani, iže jestь priložilь svety Romanь carь, prьvi ktitorь. I vidě kraljevstvo mi jako podano jestь svetymь Romanomь caremь, i svetimь kyrь-Aleksiemь caremь, i zapisano i utvrьždeno kyrь-Manoilemь caremь, kyrь-Asanōmь caremь i svetimi pravověrnimi cari i krali višepisanimi, i osvoboždeno ōtь vsěhь rabotь carьskihь i ōtь vsěhь podanьkь malihь i velikihь. Po tomužde ōbrazu i kraljevstvo mi ōsvobodi selo Rěčice ōt vsěhь rabotь carьskihь i ōt vsěhь podanьkь malihь i velikyhь. I komu se dastь župa Položʼka na državu milostiju kralievstva mi, Rěčicamь da ne ima zapovědati ni na iednu rabotu, ni na voinsku poiti, grada ne zidati ni bljusti, vinograda ne kopati, ni glasa nositi, ni provoda, ni ponosa. I do nema ulěsti u selo to Rěčice nikoi vladalcь kralievьstva mi, ni vladacь drьžeščago župu tu, ni uzeti kojega dohodka ni mala ni velika: ni sevastь, ni prahtorь, ni knezь, ni vinarь, ni pozobь, ni konjuhь, ni piscь, ni gerakarь, ni pьsь hraniti, ni desetka pčelna, ni ōvčega, ni žitnoga, ni vinnoga, ni travnine, ni torovnine, ni komota, ni mitate, ni košarьštine, ni pisa, ni dimnine, ni voloberʼštine platiti, ni priselice, ni nametkь žitni ni vinni, ni člověka garepsati, ni konja, ni vola, ni ōsla, ni carinu da dajutь, ni suditi člověku Svetago Geōrgija posilijemь, ni potku da uzima na njemь, ni ruku ni ōdboi, ni koju globu, ili potku, ili ruku, i vsaky birьkь zakonny da uzima crьkьvь. Sije zapisanije i utvrьždenije ōbrěte kraljevstvo mi vь hrisovulehь svetihь pravověrnih carьь i kralʼь, takožde i kraljevstvo mi po tomužde ōbrazu potvrьdihь zapisanija i hrisovule, da si drьži selo Rěčice s vinogradi, s perivoli, s nivijemь, s mlini, sь sěnokosi, sь zaběli, i sь planinomь, i sь vsěmi pravinami sela togo). The Byzantine Emperor Michael IX Palaiologos confirmed at the request of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin the possessions of the monastery of Saint Nicetas near Skopje in a chrysobull charter. The document must have been created after 1299, because the emperor addressed Stefan Uroš II Milutin as his brother and brother-in-law. The monastery owned in the region of Polog the village of Nerašta with all rights and a place called Radějevo with vineyards, mills and the courtyard, which at that time was in the hands of a certain Vratislav (ὡσαύτως δέδωκε καὶ χωρίον διακείμενον περὶ τὸν Πόλογον καὶ ἐπιλεγόμενον Νεράσταν μετὰ πάντων τῶν δικαίων αὐτοῦ, ἔτι δὲ καὶ τόπον καλούμενον τοῦ Ῥαδέα μετὰ τῶν ἐν αὐτῶ ἀμπελίων καὶ μυλοστασίων καὶ αὐλῆς, ἅπερ κατεῖχε τίς ὁ Βρατίσθλαβος). The Byzantine emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos issued in 1308 at the request of the Serbian king Stefan Uroš II Milutin a charter, in which he approved the endowment of the monastery of Saint Nicetas near Skopje to the Hrusija tower at the Hilandar monastery. The Greek original has not been preserved, only a Church Slavonic translation of the authentic document is known. The village of Nerašta and a place called Radějevo in the region Polog are attested there again (I u Polozě selo Nerašta s pravinami jegō. I drugo město narečeno Radějevo s vinogradi i s voděničijemь i s dvoromь, ježe jestь drьžalь někto Bratislavь). The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin confirmed probably in 1303 or 1304 the possessions of the Hrusija tower at the Hilandar monastery. The authentic document is lost, the text has been preserved in four transcripts. One of the transcripts (AHS 144/146), certainly transcribed in the king’ chancery between 1310 and 1340, describes the southward expansion of the Serbian king. Polog is mentioned there as a strana (area) (I pospěšьstvovanijemь svetyju mi gdnu Simeōna i Savy, prějeh po měju Skopsku stranu i Ōvčepolsku i Položsku i Dьbrьsku i pročeje ine strane. I potomь byhь zetь blagověrnomu i samodržavnomu caru grьčьskomu kur Androniku Paleōlogu, i da mi ōnuzi zemlju u prikiju). The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin donated in 1321 the village of Odri in Polog with the church of Sveti Dmitrij, people, summer pasture, all boundaries and rights, the place of Borko near Podbrezi with a court, people and also everything, which belonged to Borko in Ljašcje to the Monastery of Gračanica. These properties in Polog were given to the monastery within the scope of an exchange of property between Gračanica and the Bishopric of Debar (I Bane u Suhogrьlě koi běhu takožde upisani vь ōtčině mi hrisovulě, i vzehь i dahь Svetomu Nikolě jepiskuplii dьbrьskoi, a za ne dahь zaměnu Svety Bogorodici gradčanьskoi u Polozě Ōdri crьkьovь Svetago Dmitrija sь ljudmi i sь planinomь, i sь vse mi megjami pravi mi koako si je imalo se to ōd iskoni). The Serbian King Stefan Uroš III Dečanski confirmed between May 1324 and August 1331 the donation of his father Stefan Uroš II Milutin. The latter granted the church of Sveti Vrač(i) (the Saint Cosmas and Damian) near Potoča, located in Upper Polog, with vineyards, fields, bought estates, smallholdings given for the sake of salvation and retinue to the Bishopric of Prizren (U Gornemь Polozě crkьvь Svetyju Vračju u Potočahь, što jestь pridalь roditeь kraljevьstva mi, i s vinogradi, i s nivijemь, i s kupljenicami i zadušninami i z dvorani). Milutin granted also the property of a priest near Gjurgjevište with people, which lived there, to the Bishopric of Prizren (I stasь popovska u Gjurjevištih i s ljudmi koi sěde na njei, što jestь pridalь roditelь kraljevьstva mi sь arhiepiskopomь Savomь i sь arhiepiskopomь svetymь Nikodimomь, da su crьkovny). The Serbian King Stefan Uroš III Dečanski donated the Church of the Holy Mother of God located in Lower Polog near Lešok and and three estates of the priest not far away, which were known as bishop’s court since time immemorial, to the bishopric of Prizren (I tako i u Dolnijemь Polozě u Lěšcě crkьvь svetyje bogorodice i pri njei tri stasi popovske što se zove dvorь piskopovь ōtь věka, da jestь svobodno ōt vsěhь rabotь kraljevьstva mi i podanьkь, kako je i ōtь isprьva bylo). The Serbian King Stefan Uroš III Dečanski confirmed the possession of fields near the Church of Holy Mother of God at Trhalě not far from Treboš, which had previously been taken by the people of Polog, to the Bishopric of Prizren. His father, King Milutin, together with the Bishops Damjan and Ilija took the fields from Žegr and they set his houses on fire. But the situation was resolved in its entirety only in the time of King Stefan Uroš III Dečanski. Stefan Uroš III Dečanski engaged the royal court and sent his royal representatives (Despot Dragoslav and Bishop Arsenij) personally to this area. After their inspection the Serbian King Stefan Uroš III Dečanski reinstated the situation „as it was before“ (I u Trěboši pri crьkvi svetyje bogorodice pri Trьhalě nivije crьkovno što bylo ōt věka. I uzeli jesu byli Položani, i iznašьlь je roditelь kraljevьstva mi sь jepiskopomь Damijanomь i sь iepiskopomь Iliōmь, i ōtjelь ōt Žegra, i kušte mu popalilь; i pakь posla kraljevьstvo mi despota Dragoslava sь jepiskopomь Arsenijemь da ihь iznadju, da si je ima sveta crьkvi kako je isprьva bylo). The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan issued on 22 January 1333 a charter for Dubrovnik in the region of Polog (A tu imь milostь učini kraljevstvo mi u Polozie vь lětoь 6833 měseca ženvara 22 danь). The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan confirmed in 1334/1335 the donation of his grandfather to the Treskavec Monastery regarding the village Krьpenь in the Region of Polog probably with the Metochion of Saint Nicholas, vineyards, field, summer pastures and all rights (U Polozě metohь Krьpenь sь voděničjemь i sь vinogradi i sь nivijemь i sь planinami i sь vsěmi pravinami jego, što priloži svetopočivšii kralь za dušu si). The Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan together with his son, the Young King Uroš, issued most likely in the summer of 1343 a charter for the Monastery of Holy Mother of God in Htětovo, after he had found it devastated and without possessions. The explicit choice of words in the arenga suggests that the Serbian king was personally present in the region of Polog. The administrative unit Polog is denotated in the charter as zemlja (country) and is perceived as an integral part of the Serbian kingdom (prědaju vь ōblasti kraljevʼstva mi zemlju Položʼkuju). The Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan donated in 1347 the village of Selce in Polog with Veli Vrh, hamlets, vineyards and all rights to the Monastery of the Holy Archangels in Prizren (selo u Polozě Selce, i s Velimь Vrьhomь, i sь zaselki, i s vinogrady, i sь vsěmi pravinami, a megja mu sь Htětovomь na Črьni Dolь i prěko za Veli Vrьhь na Stražišta, i ōtь tudu prěko do Dola Velijega na Bajevь Kamy, i megja s Porojemь po dělu uzь Vlaku tere na Planincu, a s Hraštani ōtь Sopotca uz brьdo na Dupnii Kamy; i megja z Garani po vodovagi na Dobri Studen᾿cь ta na Uši, i na Črьni Vrьhь, i niz brьdo na rěku, i niz řeku gdě se obě rěcě stajeta pod Brodcem, i megja Světcomь uz rěku na Srědnju Planinu, i uz brьdo Planine po dělu na Bělьmužьcь, i planina Ranestьcь). The charter of the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan for the Monastery of the Holy Archangels reveals also details about Polog's western border. The border between Krstac and Polog is mentioned in the boundary description of the summer pasture in Sinjavica (I planina Sinjavica i z Bilijanicom, i niže Sinjavice Romanь Dolь, kako pohodi nadь krai, i ōt kraja pravo u vrьhь Ranetьcь: dotezi megja Krьstьcu ōt Pologa). The Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan confirmed in 1348 the possessions of the Hilandar Monastery. His deed distinguishes between possessions of the monastery in Serbian land and in Romania (also zemlja grečečska). The estates in Polog are the last in the list of the mentioned possessions, which belonged to the Hilandar Monastery in in the Serbian land. Among them are the former properties of the Monastery of the Holy Mother of God Htětovo in Broděc, Drěnovec, Hraštany, Htětovo, Jadovarce, Mlačice, Sedlarevo, Staro Želynje, Štenče, Sedlarevo and a new endowment in Izbice. The Serbian emperor donated the village Štenče with Vlьkovnō in the Upper Polog, that appears in this document for the first time, to the Hilandar Monastery (U Polozě crьkvь Mati Božia Htětovska i sь seli. I vь Jadovarcehь crьkvь Svety Nikolae, što priloži carьstvo mi Bogorodici Htětovskoi popa Draju i sь rodōmь i sь městomь i sь megjami i sь vsěmi pravinami. Mlačice sь zemlomь, što je dalь svety kralь; a mega zemli toi ōdь Nikiforca kako grede putь na ōpogorь prěz livadu u Kraljevu pekь i u Bivolь Brodь. I Staroga Želina polovina sь megjami i sь crьkoviju. Selo Htětovo i Hraštani, Mlačice i sь zemlōmь. Selo Drěnovьcь, Brodьcь, Sedlarevo i sь Izbicami. I u Gornjemь Polozě selo Štenʼče, i sь Vlьkovnōmь). The founder and funerary inscription of Abbot Ioanikij, probably made between the years 1346 and 1355, gives account about the appointment of Ioanikij as Bishop of the Lower Polog after the Skopje assembly in 1346. Although the inscription mentions only one bishop of the Lower Polog , sources from the 16th century suggest that Polog was a singular church district, not divided in two units (i prizva patriarha blьgarskago i arhiepiskupa srьbskago iōanikija i stvori zborь u skopi i blagosloviše ego na carьski sanь i bystь prvonastolny carь srbskoi zemli i grčkoi i pomorskoi arhiepiskupa iōanikija blagosloviše na patriarhiju srbskoi zemli vь to carstvo blagosloviše anьtonija na episkupstvo dolnemu pologu prvonastolna po izvoleniju božiju prětvoriše ime jemu iōanikie poneže něe bilo prěge episkupь polozě).
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Prěbužda
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In ca. 1299/1300 the Byzantine Co-Emperor Michael IX Palaiologos (reigned 1295-1320) donated the village (?, uncertain because of the Byzantine term "topos") of Prěbužda to the Monastery of Sveti Nikita (τόπον καλούμενον τὴν Μπρεμποῦσδαν). In a charter of the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos (reigned 1282-1328), at the instigation of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321), in ca. 1299/1300 (or 1308?) for the Tower of Hrusija (Pyrgos Basileiu) of the Monastery of Chilandar on the Holy Mount Athos the donation of the respective village (?, uncertain because of the Serbian term "zemlja") is confirmed (I zemlja narekomaja Prěbužda). The forged transcript A of the collective charter of Stefan Uroš II Milutin for the Monastery of Chilandar from the years 1303-1304 (or after 1331) reports that the village of Prěbužda was granted to the Monastery of Sveti Nikita near Skopje and afterwards to the Tower of Hrusija (Pyrgos Basileiu) in the vicinity of the Chilandar Monastery by the Serbian King (i selo Prěbuždu, ... To vʼse utʼvrьdivь i zapisavь dahь Svetomu Nikitě, a Svetago Nikitu dahь mojemu pirʼgu sь vʼsěmь jego utʼvrьždenijemь). According to Vassiliki Kravari the village of Prěbužda was located to the South of the village of Banjane.
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Prěbužda, Marble Quarry
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In a charter for the Monastery of Sveti Nikita issued by the Byzantine Co-Emperor Michael IX Palaiologos (reigned 1295-1320) in ca. 1299/1300 a marble quarry is mentioned in the boundary description of the village of Prěbužda (καὶ τῶν ἐγχωρίως καλουμένων Πυκνῶν Μαρμάρων). In a charter of the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos (reigned 1282-1328), at the instigation of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321), in ca. 1299/1300 (or 1308?) for the Tower of Hrusija (Pyrgos Basileiu) of the Monastery of Chilandar on the Holy Mount Athos the same marble quarry is mentioned again (I zemlja narekomaja Prěbužda: i počinajetь ōt puti banjanьskoga i idetь kь gradu Skopьskomu, i do gdě se zove Često Mramōrije, i ōpira se u rěku u Lepenьcь i kladenca Goliševa, i do města narekomago Želěznago, s perivolmi jego i s voděničijemь i s pročimi pravinami, jakože go jes(tь) drьžal drěvlje někto Žegrь Radomirь sь bratijam). The name of the microtoponym (Πυκνὰ Μάρμαρα, Често Мрамѡриѥ) suggests that marble was extracted at this very place.
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Prěbužda, Watermills
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The Byzantine Co-Emperor Michael IX Palaiologos (reigned 1295-1320) donated in ca. 1299/1300 the watermills near the village of Prěbužda to the Monastery of Sveti Nikita (μετὰ τῶν ἐν αὐτῶ περιβολίων καὶ μυλοστασίων καὶ λοιπῶν δικαίων). In a charter of the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos (reigned 1282-1328), at the instigation of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321), in ca. 1299/1300 (or 1308?) for the Tower of Hrusija (Pyrgos Basileiu) of the Monastery of Chilandar on the Holy Mount Athos the donation of the respective watermills is confirmed (I zemlja narekomaja Prěbužda: i počinajetь ōt puti banjanьskoga i idetь kь gradu Skopьskomu, i do gdě se zove Često Mramōrije, i ōpira se u rěku u Lepenьcь i kladenca Goliševa, i do města narekomago Želěznago, s perivolmi jego i s voděničijemь i s pročimi pravinami, jakože go jes(tь) drьžal drěvlje někto Žegrь Radomirь sь bratijami).
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Pčina
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The ancient name of the river Pčina is unknown. It is the left tributary of the river Vardar. The Pčina rises in the mountain range Dukat in the Republic of Serbia at 1,660 m above sea level. The river flows into the river Vardar at the Taorska Klisura at 191 m above sea level. The mountains of Kozjak and German (Djerman) separate the upper reaches of the river Pčina in Žegligovo in the North from Slavište in the South. The river Pčinja is 136,6 km long. The village of Pšinja was named after the river Pčina. The river is mentioned for the first time in the Vitae of the Saints Prohor Pčinjski (11th century; na rece Pčine) and Joakim Osogovski (12th century; na rěcě Pšinja). It appears also in the boundary description of the village of Kalugerovljane in the charter of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) for the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje (Selo Kalugerovljane nad Pšinom). The river is attested in the same charter in the context of the delimitation of the village of Dubravica and the Emperor's road, which was located nearby (i do druma careva koi grede na Pšinju). The Pčina is named on several occasions in the charter of the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan (reigned 1331-1355) for the Church of Saint Nikola near Kožle in 1352/53 (v městě naricajeměmь na Pšini podь Kozljemь; i sego božьstvьnago hrama svetago Nikoli na Pšini podь Kožljemь; ōtь broda pšinskoga podь gradomь; i ōtь Grьličina Kamena vse nizь Pšinju do Ratilьca, i ōtь Ratilьca prěko u Veliku, i paky ōtь togažde broda pšinskoga; kako Cerovi Potokь opada u Pšiniju, i nizь Pšinju prěma Bělomь Kamenu; i ōtь měla strьmo u Pšinju, i vse nizь Pšinju; i potokomь Cerovimь u Pьšinju; crьkov; svetago Nikoli na Pšini podь Kožljemь).
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Rěčice
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Tsar Constantine I Asen donated the village of Rěčice together with vineyards, mills, meadows, summer pastures and hunting grounds to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg (Vь Položkoi ōblasti selo Rěčici, i to darovan’noje s(ve)toïmь Romanomъ c(a)rjemь S(ve)tōmu Geōrgiju sъ vinograd(i), sь nivijemъ, (i) sъ žrъnъkami, sъ perivolmi, sь sěnokosi, sь zaběloï, sь planinami, sь lovištemъ zvěrnoïmъ, i sь vsěmi dohodkoï i sь vsěmi pravinami). King Stefan Uroš II Milutin confirmed the donation of the village of Rěčice to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg and he recalls the earlier donors (Selo vь ōblasti Položьkoi Rěčice sь Popovlïani, ježe jestь priložilь svety Romanь carь, prьvi ktitorь. I vidě kraljevstvo mi ïako podano jestь svetymь Romanomь caremь i svetimь kÿrь-Aleksiemь caremь, i zapisano i utvrьždeno kÿrь-Manoilemь caremь, kÿrь-Asanomь caremь i svetymi i pravověrnimi cari i krali više pisanimi, i osvoboždeno ōtь vsěhь rabotь carьskihь i ōtь vsěhь podanьkь malihь i velikihь). The village is mentioned a second time with the confirmed posessions (selo Rěčice s` vinogradi, s` perьvoli, s` nivijemь, s` mlini, sь sěnokosi, sь zaběli i sь planinomь i sь vsěmi pravinami sela togo). The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin also donated the property of Manota near Rěčice, which was a dowry from his father-in-law Dragota, to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg. The reason for this act, was the fact, that the property of Manota belonged to the pronoia of the emperor and was not a patrimonial property. Manota was permitted to continue to hold the property on condition, that he and his sons serve the monastery as soldiers (I Dragotino město u Rěčicahь ōbrěte se carьska pronija, a na baština Dragotina, i dade je kraljevьstvo mi crьkvi. I togo radi Manota zetь Dragotinь, viděvь ere otstupi ōt njeho tьstna prikija, i prědade se crьkvi da si drьži tьstninu i da rabota crьkvi u voiničьski zakonь, da mu se konь ne tovari, i tovara da ne vodi. Ako li Manota i egova dětca i unučije ōtstupetь ōt crьkve, da su lisi Dragotina města, da si ga drьži crьkvi, jakože ga i ōbrěte kraljevьstvo mi u starihь hrisovulěhь carьske pronije, a ne Dragotinu baštinu).
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Skopje
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The Bulgarian Tsar Constantine I Asen mentioned the town of Skopje in his donation of goods to the Monastery of St. George-Gorg (na brъdě Vir'gině prěmo Skopii grad(a) nadь Serěvǫ, vь grad(ě) Skopьskomъ). The Byzantine Co-Emperor Michael IX Palaiologos mentioned the town of Skopje in his donation to the monastery of Saint Nikita in the years 1299/1300 (πλησίον [τῶν Σκοπίων]). In 1299/1300 or 1308 a Serbian version of a charter by Andronikos II Palaiologos - at the instigation of the Serbian king Stefan Uroš II Milutin - confirmed the donations made by Michael IX (ō priloženi ježe vь Skopi ). In both charters the Upper Town of Skopje is also mentioned (kь gradu Skopьskomu/ἀπὸ τοῦ κάστρου τῶν Σκοπίων). The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin confirmed the donations by Tsar Constantine I Asen and added new properties to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg (svetago i velikago mučenika Hristova Gjeōrgiïa prěmo Skopiju gradu na Seravě na brьdě rekoměmь Verьginь). On 1 January 1345 the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan issued a charter in Skopje concerning the Tower of Hrusija on the Holy Mount Athos. In the period from April until August 1346 King Stefan Dušan enacted a series of charters in Skopje for several monasteries on the Holy Mount Athos, for Georgios Phokopoulos and for Dubrovnik. In the year 1346/47 the same King mentioned the town of Skopje in the foundation charter of the episcopal see in Zletovo (такодже и подвигосмо всечьстнѹю Скопию), which he most probably issued in Skopje itself. On 21 May 1349 Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan issued a charter for the anagnost Dragoje in Skopje. In the years 1354/55 the same Emperor enacted a charter in Skopje for the Church of the Presentation of the Theotokos in Arhiljevica.
Petančić mentioned it in 1522 as Scopia.
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Skopje, Upper Town, Church of the Holy Virgin Borišičina
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The existence of the Church of the Holy Virgin Borišičina is attested by a fragmentary charter issued by the Byzantine co-emperor Michael IX Palaiologos in ca. 1299/1300, through which he donated it to the monastery of Saint Nikita (μονύδριον διακείμενον μὲν καὶ τοῦτο περὶ τὸν αὐτὸν τόπον τῶν Σκοπίων, εἰς ὄνομα δὲ τιμώμενον τῆς πανυπεράγνου θεομήτορος καὶ οὕτω πως ἐπιλεγόμενον τῆς Βορισίνης). In a charter of the Byzantine emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos - at the instigation of the Serbian king Stefan Uroš II Milutin - in ca. 1299/1300 (or 1308?) for the tower of Hrusija of the monastery of Chilandar on the Holy Mount Athos the possessions of the monastery of Saint Nikita in and near Skopje were confirmed, amongst others the aforesaid church and vineyards (U tomь Skopii drugaja cr(ь)k(v)i na ime S(ve)tije B(ogorodi)ce, Borišičina, s ljudmi čto se ōbr[ě]taju po(dь)nom i sь nivami i sь vinogradi).
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Skopje, Upper Town, Monastery of Saint Nicetas
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The Byzantine Co-Emperor Michael IX Palaiologos mentioned the Monastery of Saint Nikita near Skopje in the years 1299/1300 (πλησίον [τῶν Σκοπίων] εὑρίσ[κετ]αι μοναστή[ριον εἰς ὄνο]μα τιμώμενον τοῦ Ἁγίου μεγαλομάρτ[υ]ρος Νικήτα). In 1299/1300 or 1308 a Serbian version of a charter by Andronikos II Palaiologos - at the instigation of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin - confirmed the donations made by Michael IX (ō priloženi ježe vь Skopi cr(ь)kva S(ve)t(a)go m(u)č(e)nika Nikiti vь metohiju).
It could well be that the scribe of the aforesaid Slavonic charter localised the Monastery of Saint Nikita wrongly in the vicinity of the Upper Town of Skopje, while it is to be found to the NW outside of the town, which is indicated by the Byzantine charter. The forged Transcript A of the Collective Charter of Stefan Uroš II Milutin for the Chilandar monastery reports that the deserted Monastery of Saint Nikita was found and re-erected by the Serbian king (I ōbrěte kraljevьstvo mi manastyrь zapustělь vь Skopʼskoi straně Svetago Nikitu ōtьčьstva mojego i napravihь jego). He donated it afterwards to to Tower of Hrusija near the Chilandar monastery (a Svetago Nikitu dahь mojemu pirʼgu sь vʼsěmь jego utʼvrьždenijemь).
The Church has an elongated cross-in-square plan, with a dome and interior which is divided into nine bays. The four bays that form a cross are barrel-vaulted. The calotte of the dome (made of brick) rests upon a high octagonal drum. The specific design of the sanctuary, which consists of the eastern arm of the cross, a short narrow bay and a semicircular apse, was imitated in Serbian fourteenth-century architecture, especially in Churches founded by noblemen.
The façades were built in alternating layers of bricks and ashlars. Also, the façade walls of the church are decorated with blind arches that rest on lesenes.
As supposed by researchers the Church was built by Byzantine master builders (influence came from the nearby Thessaloniki like the Church of Saint Panteleimon, the small Church of the Holy Saviour and the Church of the Panagia Elassona Olympiotissa in Elassona).
The building was fresco decorated in the 14th century (after 1321) by Michael Astrapas, the famous Thessalonian painter of the Palaiologan era, and his associates .
The Church had a parakklesion once situated in the Eastern section of the South wall and was dedicated to St. John the Baptist, and was fresco painted in the 16th century. It was a single nave edifice with the width greater than the length and it was demolished in 1928.
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Slavištе
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Slavište is attested for the first time in the charter of the Byzantine Emperor Basileios II (reigned 976-1025) for the Archbishishopric of Achrida (Ōhrid) from 1019. It is listed as a part of the Bishopric of Morobisdos (Morozvižd) (Καὶ τὸν ἐπίσκοπον Μοροβίσδου εἰς αὐτὸν τὸν Μορόβισδον καὶ τὸν Κοζιάκον καὶ τὴν Σλαβίστην). A poem in honor of the Byzantine general Michael Dukas Glabas Tarchaneiotes, which is the work of the Byzantine writer Manuel Philes (13th/14th c.), mentions amongst others the Byzantine conquest of Slavište (Εὐτζάπολιν δὲ συλλαβὼν Μοροβίσδου, Σκόπιά τε Σθλάβιτζαν ἐξ εὐανδρίας, Καὶ τὸν Πίαντζον καὶ τὸ περὶ τὸν Στρόμον, Καὶ τὸν περὶ Στρούμμιτζαν ἄφθονον τόπον). Slavište is attested in the charter of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) for the Monastery of Gračanica from 1315 (or 1321) (I po Vraniju I po Slavištu i po… i po Zletovoi, i po Morozvizdu, i si...makije iže ōt ōblasti grьčьskyje, gospodьstvujei kralь Srьbskihь Zemlь, i po jegově milosti koje podastь ōbladati jepiskupii, ili Prizrenьskoi ili Lipljanьskoi, i po Liplaně i po Moravě). A road to Slavište is mentioned in the founding charter of the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan (reigned 1331-1355) for the Bishopric of Zletovo from 1346/47 (i putemь koi grede u Slavišta). Due to the few and ambiguous sources, the question remains open, whether Slavište was both a town and a region in the Middle Ages. The Nahiye Slavişte formed a part of the Sanjak Köstendil in the Ottoman period (16th century).
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Sveta Bogorodica Črьnogorska (Monastery Matejče)
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It is assumed that the church building was erected during the reign of the Byzantine Emperor Isaakios I Komnenos (1057-1059). The existence of the Church Sveta Bogorodica Črьnogorska is beyond doubt attested from the 14th century. The monastery is mentioned in the boundary description of the village of Črěševo, which forms part of a donation by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje (ta nad Svetuju Bogorodicu črьnogorьsku do Črьnoga kamene). The Vita of the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš V (reigned 1355-1371), written by the Serbian Patriarch Pajsije, reports that Stefan Uroš V and his mother Jelena completed the Church Sveta Bogorodica Črьnogorska after the death of the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan (reigned 1331-1355) (I togda blagočьstivaa carica sь sinomь svoimь sьvršajutь crьkovь ostavšuju ōt blagočьstivago i prěvisokago cara Stefana vь črьnoi gori ne sьvršena i trudomь i podvigomь i pomoštïju prečistye vladičice naše i bogorodice i svoihь praroditeь pomoštïju i zastupljenïemь sьvrьšajutь crkьvь prěslavnuju vь pohvalu i slavu uspenïe prěčityje i prěblagoslovenïe vladičice naše i bogorodice i prisnoděvy marie i do dьnьsь iměnuetse črьnogorska bogorodica). It is unclear, whether the Church of Sveta Bogorodica Črьnogorska is identical with the church in the Skopska Crna Gora above Žegligovo built by Jelena, the mother of Stefan Uroš V, which is attested in the Serbian genealogies (rodoslovi) and annals (letopisi) (u Črьmьnyje Gory, vyše Žegligova; eius vero mater aedificavit Ecclesiam in Nigro Monte, supra Segligovo). The Ottoman Sultan Murad I (reigned 1360-1389) might have passed by the Church Sveta Bogorodica Črьnogorska on his march against the Serbian Prince Lazar Hrebeljanović (reigned 1373-1389) before the battle on the Kosovo field (Kosovo Polje) in 1389. Evdokija Balšić commissioned the monk Gerasim in the Monastery of Sveta Bogorodica Črьnogorska in 1409 to write the manuscript of the Dialogues (paterik) by Saint Gregory the Great (...sia božestvennaja kniga, glagoljemaa dialogь, ispisa se iže vь ōbitěli prěčityje i prěslaьnyje vladyčice naše bogorodice nerukotvorennyje čjudotvorice črьnogorьskye povelěnïem blagověrnyje i blagočьstivyje i hristoljubivyje gospogje despotice kyr Eudokyje, dьšti blagověrnago i hristoljubivago i velikago gospodina Gjurgja Balšikja...). The scribe Vladislav Gramatik resided in the Monastery of Sveta Bogorodica Črьnogorska between 1457 and 1497. In 1479 he compiled a liturgical book (panegyrikon) in the Monastery at the foot of the Crna Gora in the region of Žegligovo (monastiri prěsvetyje vladičice naše bogorodice iže vъ podkrilïi Črьnye Gory, vь prědělě Žegligovʼcěm). The scribe Dimitrij Kantakuzin also temporarily resided in the monastery. The scribal notes of both copyists mention the Monastery of Sveta Bogorodica Črьnogorska in the year 1469 (vь vьsečьstněmь monastiri prěsvetye bogorodice suštee iže v podkrilïi Črьnye Gory), 1473 (vъ vъsečъstněm monastiri prěsvetye vladičice naše bogorodice i prisnoděvy Marïe, suštee iže v podkrilïi Črъnye Gory), 1479 (vь vьsečьstněm monastiri prěsvetyje vladičice naše bogorodice iže vъ podkrilïi Črьnye Gory, vь prědělě Žegligovʼcěm) and 1480/81 (Vladislavu dïaku ōt Črьnogorskye bogorodice). The Monastery of Sveta Bogorodica Črьnogorska is registered as "Holy Mother of God in Kara Donlu" or "Monastery Karadonlu with the second name Holy Mother of God" in the Defter for the Sanjak Köstendil from the years 1570 to 1572. In the 17th century (between 1647 and 1654) the Serbian Patriarch Gavrilo Rajić payed a visit to the Monastery of Sveta Bogorodica Črьnogorska (Da se zna kogda pridohь azь arhiepiskopь Gavriilь vъ carьnogorsku bogorodicu). The British traveller Edward Brown saw most probably the Monastery of Sveta Bogorodica Črьnogorska, when he passed through the city of Kumanovo in 1668/69 (near which [scil. Kumanovo] there is still a Greek Monastery, upon the side of the Hills).
The Church has a ground plan of an inscribed-cross with five domes, resembling those of Staro Nagoričine and Church of St. Panteleimon in Nerezi (near Skoplje), narthex and a three-partite apse. The central dome has a twelve-sided drum and is set on four massive pillars. The smaller domes, erected in the shape of octagons, are located in the corners of the building - the eastern ones are situated on the prosthesis and the deaconry, and the western ones above the narthex. The narthex is decorated with a modest architectural sculpture. The Church is vaulted with barrel and cruciform arches, placed on the walls, pillars and pilasters in the interior of the building. The façade is decorated with lesenes.
This Church is a true representative of the building traditions of the Palaiologan epoch, such as Churches in Arta, Mistra and Thessaloniki.
The Church has been fresco painted between 1348 and 1352, representing the largest painted ensemble on the Macedonian territory in the 14th century and the second largest in the Balkans.
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Sōsthnai, Summer Pastures
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The Byzantine Co-Emperor Michael IX Palaiologos (reigned 1295-1320) donated two summer pastures called Sōsthnai to the Monastery of Sveti Nikita in ca. 1299/1300 (ἑτέρας δύο πλανηνὰς καλουμένας Σώσθνας). The source-based context suggests that these summer pastures were located in the mountains to the East of the village of Λουμποτάνιον. In a charter of the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos (reigned 1282-1328), at the instigation of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321), in ca. 1299/1300 (or 1308?) for the Tower of Hrusija (Pyrgos Basileiu) of the Monastery of Chilandar on the Holy Mount Athos the donation of the respective summer pastures is confirmed (Druzě dvě planině narekoměi Soštně).
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Tavorь
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Probably identical with the village Taurision. The Byzantine Historian Prokopios of Caesarea relates that the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I. was born in the village Taurision near the fortlet Bederiana in Dardania (Ἐν Δαρδάνοις που τοῖς Εὐρωπαίοις, οἳ δὴ μετὰ τοὺς Ἐπιδαμνίων ὅρους ᾤκηνται, τοῦ φρουρίου ἄγχιστα, ὅπερ Βεδερίανα ἐπικαλεῖται, χωρίον Ταυρίσιον ὄνομα ἦν, ἔνθεν Ἰουστινιανὸς βασιλεὺς ὁ τῆς οἰκουμένης οἰκιστὴς ὥρμηται). The Bulgarian Tsar Constantine I Asen donated the village of Tavorь together with a ruined fortress (apparently ruins of the fortified settlement near Taurision), meadows and hunting grounds to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje (Selo Tavorь, gradište i s polemь sь nivijemь, sь livadami, sь Ezeromь blatnimъ, sь zaběloï, sь lovišti zvěr’noïmi i roïbnimi, i sь vsěmi pravinami ih). The village of Tavorь is attested in the charter of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin for the Monastery of St George-Gorg (niže Tavora) from 1300. The village of Tavorь is mentioned in the boundary description of the property, which belonged to the chapel (kellion) of Saint Petka and was given by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin to the Hilandar Monastery (i na putь kako grede u Tavorь). Tavorь is registered in the Ottoman Defters for the years 1452/1453, 1467/1468 (as Tavore or Tavre), 1544/1545 and 1568/1569.
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Tavorь, Fishing Grounds
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The Bulgarian Tsar Konstantin I Asen (reigned 1257-1277) donated fishing grounds near the village of Tavorь to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje (Selo Tavorь, gradište i s polemь sь nivijemь, sь livadami, sь Ezeromь blatnimъ, sь zaběloï, sь lovišti zvěr’noïmi i roïbnimi, i sь vsěmi pravinami ih).
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Tavorь, Hunting Grounds
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The Bulgarian Tsar Konstantin I Asen (reigned 1257-1277) donated hunting grounds near the village of Tavorь to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje (Selo Tavorь, gradište i s polemь sь nivijemь, sь livadami, sь Ezeromь blatnimъ, sь zaběloï, sь lovišti zvěr’noïmi i roïbnimi, i sь vsěmi pravinami ih).
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Tavorь, Ruined Fortress
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The Bulgarian Tsar Konstantin I Asen (reigned 1257-1277) donated a ruined fortress (gradište) near the village of Tavorь to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje (Selo Tavorь, gradište i s polemь sь nivijemь, sь livadami, sь Ezeromь blatnimъ, sь zaběloï, sь lovišti zvěr’noïmi i roïbnimi, i sь vsěmi pravinami ih).
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Tavorь, Uncultivated Land
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The Bulgarian Tsar Konstantin I Asen (reigned 1257-1277) donated uncultivated land (meadows) near the village of Tavorь to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje (Selo Tavorь, gradište i s polemь sь nivijemь, sь livadami, sь Ezeromь blatnimъ, sь zaběloï, sь lovišti zvěr’noïmi i roïbnimi, i sь vsěmi pravinami ih).
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Topolova
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The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) donated the village of Kalugerovljane together with its hamlets Kalništa, Dragininь dolь, Trěbuša and Topolova, vineyards, fields, meadows, uncultivated land (zabel) and forest to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje (Selo Kalugerovljane nad Pšinomь sь zaselki jego: Kalništa i Dragininь dolь s Trěbušomь, i s Topolovomь, sь vinogradi, i sь nivijemь, sь livadami, sь zaběli polьskymi i dubravnimi, i sь vsěmi pravinami ih).
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Trěbuša
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Place
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The Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) donated the village of Kalugerovljane together with its hamlets Kalništa, Dragininь dolь, Trěbuša and Topolova, vineyards, fields, meadows, uncultivated land (zabel) and forest to the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje (Selo Kalugerovljane nad Pšinomь sь zaselki jego: Kalništa i Dragininь dolь s Trěbušomь, i s Topolovomь, sь vinogradi, i sь nivijemь, sь livadami, sь zaběli polьskymi i dubravnimi, i sь vsěmi pravinami ih).
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Utrž
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Place
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According to the edition and the secondary literature it is unclear, if Utrž is a place name.Miodrag Purković argues in favor of a place name. The village of Utrž is mentioned in 1314 (Sp. IV 5 - ōt Cěm've gdě se zove utrьžь na brьhь).
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Vlach Katun near Klьčevišta
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In ca. 1299/1300 the Byzantine Co-Emperor Michael IX Palaiologos (reigned 1295-1320) donated a Vlach katun (κατοῦναν βλαχικήν) near the village of Klustobista to the Monastery of Sveti Nikita. The topography and the context suggest that the katun has to be localised to the North of the contemporary villages of Banjane, Kučevište and Pobožje. In a charter of the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos (reigned 1282-1328), at the instigation of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321), in ca. 1299/1300 (or 1308?) for the Tower of Hrusija (Pyrgos Basileiu) of the Monastery of Chilandar on the Holy Mount Athos the donation of the respective katun is confirmed (i katunь Vlahь Svetago Nikite).
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Zaplьžane
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The hamlet of Zaplьžane is mentioned in the charter (the so-called "zbirna hrisovulja") of the Serbian Kings Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321) and Stefan Uroš IV Dušan (reigned 1331-1355) from the years 1303/04 and 1336/40-1342/45 for the Monastery of Hilandar ((I pride kraljevьstvo mi crьkvь svetije Bogorodice iže vь Lojaně i sь selomь Lojanomь sь vsěmi megjami sela togo i sь vsěmi pravinami i sь vinogrady, i s nivijemь i s livadijemь i sь voděničijemь i sь zaselky Kьkrino i Zaplьžane i Kobilija Glava i Dobrutovci i Gradište, da jestь metohь svetie Bogorodice hilandarske).
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Zletovo
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The first written reference to Zletovo comes from the charter of the Byzantine Emperor Basileios II for the archiepiscopal see of Ōhrid from the year 1019. Zletovo (καὶ τὴν Σθλετοβὰν) is listed as part of the Bishopric of Morozvizd (Morobisdos). The Saint Gavrilo Lesnovski departed for the Lěsnovo Monastery (vь monastirь Lesnovskyj), from which he was released after a probationary period with the blessing of the abbot to enter a hermitage near the monastery and Zletovo (za nekoj skïtь blizь prjamo manastirь, vь dolь prjamo Zletovo). According to the Vita, the Saint Gavrilo Lesnovski also came to the aid of a local Bulgarian prince named Mihail in the fight against the Pechenegs and Cumans. Mihail had to flee from his opponents to Ratkovica (vo stranu Ratkovicu). He was able with the assistance of the saint to sidle up to the opposing general Mavragan near Rataica in Zletovo (u Slětovo) and to kill him (u Rataicě i ubi Mavragana). Zletovo was withdrawn from the sovereign authority of the Byzantine Empire in 1282/1283 during the reign of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (i Zletovu). Zletovo is mentioned in the charter of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin for the Gračanica Monastery from 1315 (or 1321?) (i po Zletovoi). The scribe Stanislavь completed in 1330 a Slavic manuscript in the Monastery of Saint Michael the Archangel in the mountains of Lěsnovo, which was in the domain of Ovče Pole and the region of Zletovo (vь ōblasti ōvčepolьskoi vь horě zljętovstěi, v gorě lěsnovьstěi, v monastiri stgo arhistratiga Mihaila). The scribe Stanislavь finished his prologue of the manuscript in the time, when Dragoslavь ruled over the land of Zletovo as Župan (ōbdrьžjaštu horoję Zlętovьskoję županu Dra’goslavu). According to the Slavic founding inscription for the Lěsnovo monastery from 1340/41, the monastery received annualy 100 perpers from the revenue of the market in Zletovo (ōd zletovьskago trьga na godine sto perperь). The same inscription mentions the vineyards of the town of Zletovo (nadь gьrdsko lozie). However, Zletovo with its urban metochion was not included in the endowment for the Lěsnovo Monastery in 1340/41, 1346/47, or 1381. The scribe Stanislavь copied a Menaion at the request of Jovan Oliver destined for the Monastery of the Saint Michael the Archangel in Lěsnovo in 1342 in Zletovo according to the colophon of the manuscript written in Slavic language (vь horě Zletovcěi). In the founding charter of the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV. Dušan for the Eparchy of Zletovo with its seat in the Monastery Lěsnovo from the year 1346/47 the erection of the monastery by the Serbian Espot Jovan Oliver is mentioned. Jovan Oliver built a church in honor of the Holy Archangels Michael and Gabriel in the Zletovo region in Lěsnovo (sьzdati jemu hramь vь ime velikoslavnyhь i besplьtnyihь činonačelnikьь arhistratiga Mihaila i Gabrïila, vь straně že zletovьscěi rekomōje Lěsnovo; crьkvi Arhanggelu u Zletovoi; crьkvi Arhanggelu u Zletovoi). Zletovo appears in the boundary description of the hamlet/village Globica in the founding charter of the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV. Dušan for the Eparchy of Zletovo with its seat in the Monastery Lěsnovo from the year 1346/47 (i što se kь Zletovoi kami vali tozi Zletovu budi a što se kь Globici vali tozi crьkvьno). In addition, the charter confirms the annual revenue of 100 perpers from the market in Zletovo for the Eparchy of Zletovo with its seat in the Monastery Lěsnovo (ōtь zletovьskago trьga). The Bishopric of Zletovo (episkopi zletovьskoi) owned also possessions in Pianitza according to the same charter. A note in the Slavic manuscript Lesnovski parenesis relates that it was written in Zletovo at the place called Lěsnovo in the Monastery of the Holy Archangel Michael in 1353 (vь zemli zljatovsьskoi, vь městě rekoměmь Lěsnovo, vь ōbiteli svetago arhistratiga Mihaila), as Arsenije was the Bishop of Zletovo. In 1354/55 the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan gave permission to his nobleman Vlatko Paskačić to donate the Church of Sveti Nikola in Psača, which Vlatko had erected on the inherited property of his father, together with the appertaining metochion to the Monastery of Hilandar (I vьspomenu carstvu mi prěvьzljubljenʼny i pravověrnii vlastelinь carstva mi Vladko ō crьkvy svetago Nikoly jaže jestь sьzdalь na svoōi baštině Pʼsači a sь blagoslovljenijemь carstva mi...i poljubi prěd carstvomʼ mi i priloži svoju baštinu crьkvь svetago Nikoli na Psači prěsvetěi Bogorodici hilandarьskoi sь vsěmь metehōmь). Stefan Uroš IV Dušan enlarged Vlatko's endowment with land near Krilatica, where a certain Neōr had resided and where the Emperor had moved miners from Zletovo (I na Krilatici zemlja koja jestь ōt Trnov’ca na čimь jestь sědělь Neōrь, posadi rudare koje prěseli ōt Zljetove). The Eparchy of Zletovo was probably abolished around 1370. After 1376/77, the Serbian Despot Jovan Dragaš (Ioannes Dragases) and his brother Konstantin Dragaš (Konstantinos Dragases) confirmed that the Monastery Hagios Panteleemon on the Holy Mount Athos possessed the churches of Saint Dimitrije and Saint Nikola in Zletovo (u Zletove stgo Dimitrïa, i svety Nikola). The Serbian local ruler Konstantin Dragaš confirmed on the 15th August 1381 that the Hilandar Monastery had the right to become the annual revenue of 100 perpers from the market in Zletovo aimed for the Lěsnovo Monastery (I ōd trьga zlětovьskoga da uzima Arhanggelь lěsnovьski na vsako gōdište r. Perьperь, jakože pišetь u hrisovuli carskomь). A forged charter from the 15th century, also known as the charter of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin concerning the settlement site Ulijare settlement from 1318, relates, among other things, about the conquest of Zletovo by the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin between the years 1282 and 1284 (Zletovu). The Lěsnovo Monastery is registered in the Defter for the Sanjak Köstendil from 1570 to 1572 as Arhangel. The Lěsnovo Monastery possessed in Zletovo five watermills. Zletovo appears also in the Defter for the Sanjak Köstendil from 1570 to 1572 as as Izltva.
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Župa of Morava
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In ca. 1189/90 the Serbian Grand Župan Stefan Nemanja (reigned 1166/68-1196) incorporated Morava into his realm (Priloži že kĭ zemli otčĭstvïa svojego oblastĭ nyševĭskuju do konca, Lypljanĭ že i Moravu i glagoljemy Vrani, prizrěnĭsku že oblastĭ i Pologa oba do konca sĭ megami svoimi.). In ca. 1299/1300 the Byzantine Co-Emperor Michael IX Palaiologos (reigned 1295-1320) donated the village of Mērana in (the župa of) Morava to the Monastery of Sveti Nikita (χωρίον διακείμενον εἰς τὴν Μοράβαν καὶ ἐπονομαζόμενον τὴν Μηράναν). In a charter of the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos (reigned 1282-1328), at the instigation of the Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin (reigned 1282-1321), in ca. 1299/1300 (or 1308?) for the Tower of Hrusija (Pyrgos Basileiu) of the Monastery of Chilandar on the Holy Mount Athos the donation of the village of Izmira in Morava is confirmed (I selo u Moravě narekomoje Izmira). In the first quarter of the 14th century Morava was part of the Bishopric of Lipljan (po Moravě). The forged transcript A of the collective charter of the Serbian King Milutin for the Monastery of Chilandar from the years 1303-1304 (or after 1331) reports that the village of S'mira in Morava was granted to the Monastery of Sveti Nikita near Skopje and afterwards to the Tower of Hrusija (Pyrgos Basileiu) in the vicinity of the Monastery of Chilandar by the Serbian King (i u Moravě selo S'mira ... To vʼse utʼvrьdivь i zapisavь dahь Svetomu Nikitě, a Svetago Nikitu dahь mojemu pirʼgu sь vʼsěmь jego utʼvrьždenijemь). In 1342 the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan (reigned 1331-1355) issued a charter in favour of the starec Ioanĭ in Morava donating to him the Monastery of Sveti Nikola Mrački for lifelong subsistence (u Moravě). According to Siniša Mišić the medieval Serbian župa of Morava is to be localised along the river Binačka Morava.
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